{"id":198,"date":"2022-08-11T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-11T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/tuketici-islemlerinde-saticinin-ayipli-maldan-sorumlulugu\/"},"modified":"2026-10-01T14:08:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T14:08:52","slug":"sellers-liability-defective-goods-consumer-transactions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/tuketici-islemlerinde-saticinin-ayipli-maldan-sorumlulugu\/","title":{"rendered":"The Seller\u2019s Liability for Defective Goods in Consumer Transactions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pm\" data-utu-pm=\"1\">\n<p class=\"pm-giris\"><strong>Liability for defective goods<\/strong>, is directly linked to the seller\u2019s obligation to deliver the goods in conformity with the contract in consumer transactions. In order to discuss the seller\u2019s liability for defective goods in consumer transactions, we consider it useful to begin our article by first defining consumer, seller and consumer transaction, and then what defective goods are. The main basis of this article is Law No. 6502 on Consumer Protection.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pm-ozet\" aria-label=\"In brief\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">In brief<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Defective goods are goods that do not conform to the contract because, at the time of delivery, they do not conform to the agreed sample or model or lack the characteristics they should objectively possess.<\/li>\n<li>Defects that appear within six months of delivery are presumed to have existed at the time of delivery; in that case, the burden of proving that the goods are not defective lies with the seller.<\/li>\n<li>The consumer may exercise one of the elective rights of withdrawal from the contract, price reduction, free repair or replacement with a defect-free equivalent, and may also claim compensation.<\/li>\n<li>Liability for defective goods is subject to a two-year limitation period from delivery; the period is five years for immovables used as a residence or for holiday purposes, and it does not apply to defects concealed through gross fault or fraud.<\/li>\n<li>Before bringing an action before the consumer court, applying to a mediator is a precondition to suit, except for the exceptions in the law; disputes below a certain amount are brought before the consumer arbitration committee.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/aside>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Currency note<\/p>\n<p>This article was prepared in accordance with the legislation and practice in force on the date of its publication. As the monetary thresholds for applications to consumer arbitration committees and consumer courts are updated every year, the amount stated in the article and the rules on mandatory mediation as a precondition to litigation may have changed since then. You are advised to consult a lawyer regarding the current position.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<details class=\"pm-ic\" open>\n<summary>Contents<\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#temel-kavramlar\">Consumer, seller and consumer transaction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ayipli-mal\">What are defective goods?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#satici-sorumlulugu\">The seller\u2019s liability and the burden of proof<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#secimlik-haklar\">The consumer\u2019s optional rights<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#zamanasimi\">Limitation period for liability for defective goods<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gorevli-yetkili-mahkeme\">Court with subject-matter and territorial jurisdiction, consumer arbitration committee<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dava-dilekcesi\">Preparing the statement of claim<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dava-sarti-arabuluculuk\">Mandatory mediation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sss\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#iletisim\">Consultation request<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n<section id=\"temel-kavramlar\">\n<h2>Consumer, Seller and Consumer Transaction<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pm-tanim\">A consumer is a natural or legal person acting for purposes other than commercial or professional purposes. As understood from Law No. 6502, a consumer is a person who purchases ready-made goods or services and uses or consumes them in daily life.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-tanim\">A seller is a natural or legal person, including public legal entities, who offers goods to consumers for commercial or professional purposes, or who acts in the name or on behalf of a person offering goods.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-tanim\">Contracts and legal transactions concluded by consumers with natural or legal persons acting for commercial or professional purposes are characterised as consumer transactions.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"ayipli-mal\">\n<h2>What Are Defective Goods?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pm-tanim\">Defective goods are goods which, at the time of delivery to the consumer, are not in conformity with the contract because they do not correspond to the sample or model agreed by the parties or do not possess the characteristics they should objectively have.<\/p>\n<p>Goods which do not have one or more of the characteristics stated on their packaging, label, instructions for presentation and use, internet portal or in advertisements and announcements; which do not conform to the quality declared by the seller or established in the applicable technical regulations; which do not meet the intended purpose of use of equivalent goods; or which contain material, legal or economic deficiencies that reduce or eliminate the benefits the consumer may reasonably expect, are also deemed defective.<\/p>\n<p>Accordingly, the goods deemed defective are, in brief, as follows:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-liste\">\n<li>Goods that do not have the characteristics stated on their packaging, label, introductory and user manual, internet portal or in advertisements and announcements<\/li>\n<li>Goods that do not conform to the quality declared by the seller or established in the relevant technical regulation<\/li>\n<li>Goods that do not serve the intended purpose of equivalent goods<\/li>\n<li>Goods containing material, legal or economic deficiencies that reduce or eliminate the benefits the consumer may reasonably expect<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Performance not in conformity with the contract \u00b7 delivery and installation<\/p>\n<p>Failure to deliver the goods that are the subject of the contract within the period agreed in the contract, or failure to install them properly where installation is carried out by the seller or under the seller\u2019s responsibility, is regarded as non-conforming performance. Where the goods are intended to be installed by the consumer and the installation is carried out incorrectly due to an error or omission in the installation instructions, there is non-conforming performance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"satici-sorumlulugu\">\n<h2>The Seller\u2019s Liability for Defective Goods and the Burden of Proof<\/h2>\n<p>Turning to the main subject of our article, once the contract of sale has been concluded, the seller is obliged to deliver the goods that are the subject of the contract to the consumer in conformity with the contract of sale. In this respect, if the contract goods are delivered in breach of the contract, the resulting liability may be imposed on the seller.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, where a dispute arises as to whether the goods were defective at the time of delivery, the burden of proof on this matter rests with the seller under Law No. 6502 on Consumer Protection. Defects that appear within six months of the date of delivery are presumed to have existed on the date of delivery, and if, as claimed, there was no defect at the time of delivery of the goods, the proof of this has been left to the buyer.<\/p>\n<p>Article 10 of the Law on Consumer Protection reads: &#8220;Defects that arise within six months of the date of delivery are presumed to have existed on the date of delivery. In this case, the burden of proving that the goods are not defective lies with the seller. This presumption does not apply if it is incompatible with the nature of the goods or of the defect.&#8221;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>\u201cDefects that become apparent within six months of the date of delivery shall be presumed to have existed on the date of delivery. In this case, the burden of proving that the goods are not defective lies with the seller. This presumption shall not apply if it is incompatible with the nature of the goods or the defect.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><cite>Law No. 6502 on Consumer Protection, Art. 10<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"secimlik-haklar\">\n<h2>The Consumer\u2019s Optional Rights<\/h2>\n<p>Where the consumer was aware of the defect on the date the contract was concluded, or could be expected to have been aware of it, there will be no non-conformity with the contract. For other defects, the consumer\u2019s elective rights are reserved. Where the goods are found to be defective, the consumer\u2019s elective rights are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-liste\">\n<li>1. To withdraw from the contract, declaring readiness to return the goods sold,<\/li>\n<li>2. To keep the goods sold and request a reduction in the sale price in proportion to the defect,<\/li>\n<li>3. To request free repair of the goods sold, with all costs borne by the seller, provided that this does not entail excessive expense,<\/li>\n<li>4. Where possible, to request replacement of the goods sold with a defect-free equivalent; the consumer may exercise one of these elective rights. The seller is obliged to fulfil the request preferred by the consumer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The consumer may also exercise the rights to free repair or to replacement of the goods with a defect-free equivalent against the manufacturer or importer. Where free repair or replacement of the goods with a defect-free equivalent would impose disproportionate difficulties on the seller, the consumer may exercise either the right to withdraw from the contract or the right to a price reduction in proportion to the defect. In determining disproportionality, matters such as the value of the goods without the defect, the significance of the defect and whether recourse to the other elective rights would cause problems for the consumer are taken into account.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-ikili\">\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Against the seller<\/p>\n<p>One of the rights of rescission of the contract, price reduction, free repair or replacement with a non-defective equivalent may be exercised.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Against the manufacturer or importer<\/p>\n<p>The rights of free repair or replacement of the goods with a non-defective equivalent may be exercised.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Thirty working days<\/p>\n<p>Where one of the rights to free repair or replacement of the goods with a defect-free equivalent is chosen, the request must be fulfilled within a maximum of thirty working days from the date it is addressed to the seller, manufacturer or importer. Otherwise, the consumer is free to exercise the other elective rights.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Where the consumer chooses the right to withdraw from the contract or the right to a price reduction in proportion to the defect, the seller must immediately refund to the consumer the full price paid or the amount of the reduction.<\/p>\n<p>The seller must bear all costs arising from the consumer\u2019s exercise of the elective rights. Together with one of these elective rights, the consumer may also claim compensation under the provisions of Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"zamanasimi\">\n<h2>Limitation Period for Liability for Defective Goods<\/h2>\n<p>The legislator has set a two-year limitation period in this respect. This two-year limitation period begins to run from the delivery of the goods to the consumer. It applies even if the defect appears later, irrespective of whether the defect in the goods existed at the time the contract was concluded.<\/p>\n<p>From the wording of the law we can understand that this period may be longer than two years under other laws, and that the parties may also, by virtue of freedom of contract, freely agree between themselves that the seller is to be liable for defective goods for more than two years. In such cases, the applicable limitation period will not be two years but the period laid down in the relevant law or freely agreed by the parties.<\/p>\n<p>This matter is regulated in Article 12 of the Law on Consumer Protection as follows:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p><em>&#8220;Unless a longer period is laid down by law or in the contract between the parties, liability for defective goods is subject to a two-year limitation period from the date of delivery of the goods to the consumer, even if the defect arises later. For immovable property intended for residential or holiday purposes, this period is five years from the date of delivery of the immovable.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) Without prejudice to the third paragraph of Article 10 of this Law, the seller\u2019s liability for defective goods may not be less than one year in second-hand sales, and not less than three years for immovable property intended for residential or holiday purposes.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(3) Where the defect has been concealed through gross negligence or fraud, the provisions on limitation shall not apply. &#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><cite>Law No. 6502 on Consumer Protection, Art. 12<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"pm-tablo-baslik\" id=\"tablo-zamanasimi\">Time limits in liability for defective goods<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-tablo-kap\">\n<table class=\"pm-tablo\" aria-labelledby=\"tablo-zamanasimi\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Durum<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Time limit<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Rule (unless a longer period has been set)<\/td>\n<td>Two years from the date of delivery of the goods to the consumer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Immovable property for residential or holiday purposes<\/td>\n<td>Five years from the date of delivery of the immovable property<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Second-hand sales<\/td>\n<td>Cannot be less than one year<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Second-hand immovable property for residential or holiday purposes<\/td>\n<td>Cannot be less than three years<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>If the defect was concealed through gross negligence or fraud<\/td>\n<td>The provisions on the limitation period do not apply<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"gorevli-yetkili-mahkeme\">\n<h2>Court with Subject-Matter and Territorial Jurisdiction, Consumer Arbitration Committee<\/h2>\n<p>Actions brought on account of defective goods must be filed after determining subject-matter and territorial jurisdiction. Since a consumer is involved here, an action for a monetary claim on account of defective goods will be brought before the Consumer Court. The Consumer Court is the court having subject-matter jurisdiction. The court having territorial jurisdiction is that of the defendant\u2019s domicile on the date the action is brought.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-ikili\">\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Competent court<\/p>\n<p>Consumer Court<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Yetkili mahkeme<\/p>\n<p>The domicile of the defendant on the date the action is brought<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In disputes heard by consumer courts, having applied to a mediator before filing the action is a precondition for bringing the action. However, the provisions on mediation as a precondition for bringing the action shall not apply in the following matters:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-liste\">\n<li>1. Disputes falling within the remit of the consumer arbitration committee<\/li>\n<li>2. Objections to decisions of the consumer arbitration committee<\/li>\n<li>3. Actions specified in the sixth paragraph of Article 73 of the Law on Consumer Protection<\/li>\n<li>4. Actions specified in Article 74 of the Law on Consumer Protection<\/li>\n<li>5. Disputes in the nature of a consumer transaction arising from rights in rem over immovable property<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Where the monetary value of the subject matter of the dispute is below a certain threshold, the first authority to apply to is not the consumer courts but the consumer arbitration committees. (This threshold changes every year according to the consumer price index.) When applying in this respect, it is of considerable importance to take into account the monetary threshold set for that year in determining whether the application should be made to the district consumer arbitration committee or the provincial consumer arbitration committee.<\/p>\n<p>Under the provisions of the Law on Consumer Protection, in order to apply directly to the consumer courts regarding a dispute, the monetary value of the dispute must exceed 15,430 Turkish Lira as of 2022. (This threshold changes every year according to the consumer price index.)<\/p>\n<p>For disputes below this amount, recourse to the consumer courts is possible only by way of an objection to the decision rendered, after an application has first been made to the consumer arbitration committee.<\/p>\n<p>The decisions rendered by the consumer courts on such objections are final, and no appeal (istinaf) lies against them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Objection to the arbitration committee\u2019s decision<\/p>\n<p>The authority for objecting to a decision rendered by the Consumer Arbitration Committee in respect of a dispute is the consumer courts. An objection against the decision of the consumer arbitration committee may be lodged by applying to the consumer court at the place where the consumer arbitration committee is located within 15 days of service of the decision on the parties.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"dava-dilekcesi\">\n<h2>Preparing the Statement of Claim in a Defective Goods Action<\/h2>\n<p>In actions brought on account of defective goods, the content of the petition is of considerable importance. The petition must be completed in full and submitted to the relevant authority. The information that must be included in the petition is as follows:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-liste\">\n<li>1. Name and surname of the claimant and of the claimant\u2019s attorney, if any<\/li>\n<li>2. The claimant\u2019s Turkish identity number<\/li>\n<li>3. The claimant\u2019s address details<\/li>\n<li>4. The defendant\u2019s details<\/li>\n<li>5. The defendant\u2019s address<\/li>\n<li>6. The subject matter of the action brought because the goods turned out to be defective,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is important that the petition is written completely and in detail. When setting out the subject matter, the particulars of the case should be described in detail. As discussed in our article, the consumer must not have been aware that the contract goods were defective. If all kinds of documents proving this, such as invoices and receipts, are included in the petition, proof will be facilitated and the decision the court renders in this respect will be much more equitable.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-ikili\">\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Practical checklist \u00b7 Petition<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-tik\">\n<li>State the claimant\u2019s and defendant\u2019s details in full.<\/li>\n<li>Set out the particulars of the incident in detail.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Practical checklist \u00b7 Documents<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-tik\">\n<li>Keep invoices, receipts and all documents that will prove the situation.<\/li>\n<li>Check the first authority to apply to according to the monetary value of the dispute.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"dava-sarti-arabuluculuk\">\n<h2>Mandatory Mediation as a Precondition to Litigation<\/h2>\n<p>With the amendments made under Law No. 7251 Amending the Code of Civil Procedure and Certain Laws, published in the Official Gazette on 28 July 2020, the following article was added to the Law on Consumer Protection. For this reason, in disputes subject to mediation it is important that the mandatory mediation route is exhausted as a precondition to bringing an action.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p><em>&#8220;(1) In disputes heard before consumer courts, having applied to a mediator before bringing an action is a precondition for bringing the action. However, the provisions on mediation as a precondition for bringing an action shall not apply in the following matters: <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>a) Disputes falling within the remit of the consumer arbitration committee <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>b) Objections to decisions of the consumer arbitration committee <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>c) Actions specified in the sixth paragraph of Article 73 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00e7) Actions specified in Article 74 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>d) Disputes that constitute consumer transactions and arise from rights in rem over immovable property <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(2) The eleventh paragraph of Article 18\/A of the Law No. 6325 on Mediation in Civil Disputes dated 7\/6\/2012 shall not be applied against the consumer. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(3) Where, at the end of the mediation process, the parties cannot be reached, no meeting can be held because the parties do not attend, or the parties reach or fail to reach an agreement, the mediation fee payable by the consumer shall be covered from the budget of the Ministry of Justice. However, in the cases specified, the mediation fee may not exceed the amount of the two-hour fee under Part One of the Mediation Fee Tariff annexed to the Mediation Minimum Fee Tariff. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(4) Where the action brought at the end of the mediation process is concluded in favour of the consumer, the mediation fee shall be collected from the defendant in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 6183 and recorded as budget revenue.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><cite>Law No. 6502 on Consumer Protection, ARTICLE 73\/A- (Added: 22\/7\/2020-7251\/59)<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\">Related legislation: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6502&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Law No. 6502 on Consumer Protection<\/a> (mevzuat.gov.tr)<\/p>\n<section id=\"sss\" class=\"pm-sss\">\n<h2>Liability for Defective Goods: Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<details open>\n<summary>When does the seller's liability for defective goods become time-barred?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Under Article 12 of Law No. 6502, unless a longer period is set by law or in the contract, liability is subject to a two-year limitation period from the date of delivery of the goods, even if the defect appears later; for immovables used as a residence or for holiday purposes, this period is five years. Where the defect has been concealed through gross fault or fraud, the limitation provisions do not apply.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which goods are considered defective?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Goods that, at the time of delivery, do not conform to the agreed sample or model or lack the characteristics they should objectively possess are defective. Goods that lack the characteristics stated on the packaging, label, user manual, internet portal or in advertisements, or that contain material, legal or economic deficiencies reducing the benefit the consumer may reasonably expect, are also considered defective.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who must prove that the goods are not defective?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Under Article 10 of Law No. 6502, cited in the article, defects appearing within six months of delivery are presumed to have existed on the date of delivery, and the burden of proving that the goods are not defective lies with the seller. This presumption does not apply where it is incompatible with the nature of the goods or the defect.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What are the elective rights of a consumer who has purchased defective goods?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>The consumer may exercise one of the following rights: withdrawal from the contract by declaring readiness to return the goods, a reduction of the price in proportion to the defect, free repair with costs borne by the seller, or, where possible, replacement with a defect-free equivalent. The rights of repair and replacement may also be exercised against the manufacturer or importer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Within what period must a request for repair or replacement be fulfilled?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>It must be fulfilled within a maximum of thirty working days from the time the request is addressed to the seller, manufacturer or importer; otherwise, the consumer is free to exercise the other elective rights.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is it necessary to apply to a mediator before bringing an action in a defective goods dispute?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Under Article 73\/A of Law No. 6502, applying to a mediator before bringing an action is a precondition to suit in disputes heard by consumer courts. However, this requirement does not apply to disputes within the jurisdiction of the consumer arbitration committee, objections to committee decisions, the actions under Articles 73\/6 and 74, or consumer disputes arising from rights in rem over immovables.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How is an objection made to a decision of the consumer arbitration committee?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>According to the article, an objection may be made to the decision by applying to the consumer court at the place where the arbitration committee is located within 15 days of service of the decision on the parties.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"iletisim\" class=\"pm-form-kap\">\n<div class=\"pm-form-sol\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Consultation request<\/p>\n<h2>Do you have a question about defective goods?<\/h2>\n<p>At UTU Hukuk Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, we provide legal representation and advisory services in the field of commercial law.<\/p>\n<p>Fill in the form and we will call you. You can also contact us directly:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-kanal\">\n<li><a href=\"tel:+905365931600\">+90 536 593 16 00<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"mailto:bilgi@utuhukuk.com\">bilgi@utuhukuk.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<form class=\"pm-form\" data-alan=\"Ticaret Hukuku\" novalidate action=\"\">\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-ad\">Full name *<\/label><input id=\"pm-ad\" name=\"ad\" type=\"text\" autocomplete=\"name\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-tel\">Phone *<\/label><input id=\"pm-tel\" name=\"tel\" type=\"tel\" autocomplete=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-mail\">Email<\/label><input id=\"pm-mail\" name=\"mail\" type=\"email\" autocomplete=\"email\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-konu\">Your situation in brief<\/label><textarea id=\"pm-konu\" name=\"konu\" rows=\"4\" placeholder=\"For example: The product I bought broke down within a short time, and I would like to know which optional rights I can exercise against the seller.\"><\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-bal\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"pm-web\">Website<\/label><input id=\"pm-web\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n<p><label class=\"pm-onay\"><input name=\"kvkk\" type=\"checkbox\" required> <span>I consent to the processing of my personal data for this request and to being contacted.<\/span><\/label><br \/>\n<button type=\"submit\">Send request<\/button><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-durum\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"en\"\/><\/form>\n<\/section>\n<footer class=\"pm-imza\">\n<div class=\"pm-imza-logo\" aria-hidden=\"true\">UTU<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"pm-imza-ad\">UTU Hukuk ve Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k<\/p>\n<p>Since 2016 it has been providing legal and advisory services in Ankara in many areas, labour law in particular. <a href=\"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/commercial-law\/\">Our commercial law practice area \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-uyari\">This article is for general information only and does not constitute legal advice. You are advised to consult a lawyer about your specific situation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In order to discuss the seller\u2019s liability for defective goods in consumer transactions, we consider it useful to begin our article by defining the terms consumer, seller, consumer transaction and then\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ticaret-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/198","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=198"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/198\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":692,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/198\/revisions\/692"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=198"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=198"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=198"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}