{"id":187,"date":"2022-08-11T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-11T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/orgut-sucu\/"},"modified":"2026-10-02T13:06:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T10:06:15","slug":"criminal-organisation-offence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/orgut-sucu\/","title":{"rendered":"Criminal Organisation Offence"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pm\" data-utu-pm=\"1\">\n<p class=\"pm-giris\">In this article, we discuss <strong>the organisation offence<\/strong>within the framework of Article 78 of Turkish Criminal Code No. 5237. We examine in turn the text of the article, the concept of an organisation, the distinction between a criminal organisation and an organised criminal organisation, and the offences referred to in the article.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pm-ozet\" aria-label=\"In brief\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">In brief<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The organisation offence discussed in the article is regulated in Article 78 of the TCK as establishing, managing or being a member of an organisation for the purpose of committing 'the offences set out in the preceding articles'.<\/li>\n<li>Imprisonment of ten to fifteen years is prescribed for those who establish or manage the organisation and five to ten years for members; security measures are imposed on legal entities.<\/li>\n<li>According to the article, the offences referred to in this provision are genocide and crimes against humanity; the purpose is to separately punish establishing an organisation for, and membership in an organisation for, these offences.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/aside>\n<details class=\"pm-ic\" open>\n<summary>Contents<\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#tck-78\">The organisation provision in Art. 78 of the Turkish Criminal Code<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#orgut-kavrami\">The concept of an organisation and organised criminal organisations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kastedilen-suclar\">Offences referred to in the article and its purpose<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sss\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#iletisim\">Consultation request<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n<section id=\"tck-78\">\n<h2>The Organisation Provision in Art. 78 of the Turkish Criminal Code<\/h2>\n<p>Organisations are regulated in Article 78 of the Turkish Criminal Code (TCK) No. 5237:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>&#8220;(1) Any person who establishes or manages an organisation for the purpose of committing the offences set out in the above articles shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a term of ten to fifteen years. Those who become members of such organisations shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a term of five to ten years.<\/p>\n<p>(2) A security measure shall also be ordered against legal persons on account of these offences.<\/p>\n<p>(3) No statute of limitations shall apply to these offences.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><cite>Turkish Criminal Code No. 5237, Art. 78<\/cite>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"pm-ikili\">\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Person who forms or leads the organisation<\/p>\n<p>Imprisonment from ten to fifteen years<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Member of the organisation<\/p>\n<p>Imprisonment from five to ten years<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"orgut-kavrami\">\n<h2>The Concept of an Organisation and Organised Criminal Organisations<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pm-tanim\">First of all, <strong>an organisation<\/strong>may be defined as a system consisting of individuals who plan specified tasks through a process of interaction and who act in cooperation.<\/p>\n<p>An organisation may constitute an offence under the TCK by reason of the purpose for which it exists. If, as stated in Article 78\/1 of the TCK, <em>&#8220;for the purpose of committing the offences set out in the above articles&#8230;&#8221;<\/em> If an organisation has been established, it will be referred to in criminal law as a criminal organisation. If the organisation displays features such as having a hierarchical structure, committing offences on a continuous basis, possessing materials suitable for committing offences, aiming to obtain unjust gain and consisting of at least three persons, such a structure is called an ORGANISED CRIME ORGANISATION.<\/p>\n<p>The elements required for an organised criminal organisation are, in brief, as follows:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-liste\">\n<li>Having a hierarchical structure<\/li>\n<li>Committing offences on a continuous basis<\/li>\n<li>Having materials suitable for committing offences<\/li>\n<li>Aiming to obtain unjust benefit<\/li>\n<li>Consisting of at least 3 persons<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"kastedilen-suclar\">\n<h2>Offences Referred to in the Article and the Purpose of the Provision<\/h2>\n<p>In paragraph 1 of Article 78 of the TCK, <em>&#8220;the offences set out in the above articles&#8221;<\/em> refers to genocide and crimes against humanity.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Purpose of the provision<\/p>\n<p>The purpose of including such a provision in the Code is to penalise separately the establishment of an organisation for the commission of genocide and crimes against humanity, as well as membership of such an organisation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\">Related page: <a href=\"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/ankara-criminal-defence-lawyer\/\">Serious Crimes Lawyer in Ankara (Assize Court)<\/a> \u2014 investigation, pre-trial detention, assize court trials and legal remedies<\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\">Related legislation: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=5237&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Turkish Criminal Code No. 5237<\/a> (mevzuat.gov.tr)<\/p>\n<section id=\"sss\" class=\"pm-sss\">\n<h2>The Organisation Offence: Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<details open>\n<summary>In which article of the TCK is the organisation offence discussed in the article regulated?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>The article discusses Article 78 of TCK No. 5237. According to the article, the expression 'the offences set out in the preceding articles' in this provision refers to genocide and crimes against humanity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What penalties are prescribed under Article 78 of the TCK?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>According to the text cited in the article, a person who establishes or manages the organisation is sentenced to imprisonment of ten to fifteen years, and members of the organisation to imprisonment of five to ten years; security measures are also imposed on legal entities, and no limitation period applies to these offences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How does the article define an organised crime group?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>The article states that a structure having elements such as a hierarchical structure, the continuous commission of offences, possession of materials suitable for committing offences, the aim of unjust gain, and consisting of at least three persons is called an organised crime group.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"iletisim\" class=\"pm-form-kap\">\n<div class=\"pm-form-sol\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Consultation request<\/p>\n<h2>Do you have a question about the organisation offence?<\/h2>\n<p>As UTU Hukuk Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, we provide legal and advisory services in the field of criminal law.<\/p>\n<p>Fill in the form and we will call you. You can also contact us directly:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-kanal\">\n<li><a href=\"tel:+905365931600\">+90 536 593 16 00<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"mailto:bilgi@utuhukuk.com\">bilgi@utuhukuk.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<form class=\"pm-form\" data-alan=\"Ceza Hukuku\" novalidate action=\"\">\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-ad\">Full name *<\/label><input id=\"pm-ad\" name=\"ad\" type=\"text\" autocomplete=\"name\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-tel\">Phone *<\/label><input id=\"pm-tel\" name=\"tel\" type=\"tel\" autocomplete=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-mail\">Email<\/label><input id=\"pm-mail\" name=\"mail\" type=\"email\" autocomplete=\"email\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-konu\">Your situation in brief<\/label><textarea id=\"pm-konu\" name=\"konu\" rows=\"4\" placeholder=\"\u00d6rne\u011fin: Hakk\u0131mda \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00fcyeli\u011fi iddias\u0131yla soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131, s\u00fcrecin nas\u0131l i\u015fleyece\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyorum.\"><\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-bal\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"pm-web\">Website<\/label><input id=\"pm-web\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n<p><label class=\"pm-onay\"><input name=\"kvkk\" type=\"checkbox\" required> <span>I consent to the processing of my personal data for this request and to being contacted.<\/span><\/label><br \/>\n<button type=\"submit\">Send request<\/button><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-durum\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"en\"\/><\/form>\n<\/section>\n<footer class=\"pm-imza\">\n<div class=\"pm-imza-logo\" aria-hidden=\"true\">UTU<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"pm-imza-ad\">UTU Hukuk ve Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k<\/p>\n<p>Since 2016 it has been providing legal and advisory services in Ankara in many areas, labour law in particular. <a href=\"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/criminal-law\/\">Our criminal law practice \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-uyari\">This article is for general information only and does not constitute legal advice. You are advised to consult a lawyer about your specific situation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019nin 78\u2019inci maddesinde \u00f6rg\u00fct d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir: &#8220;(1) Yukar\u0131daki maddelerde yaz\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemek maksad\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kuran veya y\u00f6neten ki\u015fi\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":436,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ceza-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=187"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":804,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187\/revisions\/804"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}