{"id":182,"date":"2022-08-16T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-16T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/kooperatif-ortaklarinin-kooperatif-alacaklilarina-karsi-sorumlulugu\/"},"modified":"2026-10-01T14:08:25","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T14:08:25","slug":"liability-cooperative-members-cooperatives-creditors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/kooperatif-ortaklarinin-kooperatif-alacaklilarina-karsi-sorumlulugu\/","title":{"rendered":"Liability of Cooperative Members to the Cooperative\u2019s Creditors"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pm\" data-utu-pm=\"1\">\n<p class=\"pm-giris\"><strong>Kooperatif ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu<\/strong>, kooperatifin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya yetmedi\u011finde alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n ortaklara hangi \u015fartlarla ve hangi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fini belirler. KoopK. \u2019da ortaklar\u0131n haklar\u0131 yan\u0131nda sorumluluklar\u0131 da d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Kanunda ortaklar korundu\u011fu kadar, kooperatif ve alacakl\u0131lar da korunmu\u015ftur. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda kooperatifin ve ortaklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu, ek \u00f6demeleri, iflas, \u00f6l\u00fcm, ayr\u0131lma ve da\u011f\u0131lma h\u00e2llerindeki sorumlulu\u011fu, sorumluluk h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini ve zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pm-ozet\" aria-label=\"K\u0131saca\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">K\u0131saca<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>KoopK m. 28 uyar\u0131nca anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksine h\u00fck\u00fcm yoksa kooperatif, alacakl\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yaln\u0131z malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sorumludur; alacakl\u0131lar ortaklar\u0131n ki\u015fisel malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuramaz.<\/li>\n<li>Kooperatif ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu ancak anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrse do\u011far; bu sorumluluk s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z (m. 29) veya s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 (m. 30) olabilir ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kabul edilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Anas\u00f6zle\u015fme ortaklar\u0131 yaln\u0131z bilan\u00e7o a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7in ek \u00f6demelerle y\u00fck\u00fcmlendirebilir; sorumlulu\u011fu belirli bir zamana b\u0131rakan veya baz\u0131 ortaklara y\u00fckleyen h\u00fck\u00fcmler ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/li>\n<li>Kooperatif iflas ederse iflas idaresi ortaklardan paylar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen borcu ister; ayr\u0131lan ortak, ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015ftan itibaren bir y\u0131l veya anas\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki daha uzun s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde iflasta \u00f6nceki bor\u00e7lardan sorumludur.<\/li>\n<li>Alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n ortaklar\u0131n \u015fahsi sorumlulu\u011fundan do\u011fan haklar\u0131, iflas i\u015flemlerinin sona ermesinden itibaren bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/aside>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">G\u00fcncellik notu<\/p>\n<p>Bu yaz\u0131, yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihteki mevzuat ve uygulamaya g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaz\u0131da \u00f6rnek olarak an\u0131lan bakanl\u0131k adlar\u0131, \u00f6rnek anas\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve tutarlar ile kanun at\u0131flar\u0131nda o tarihten bu yana de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmu\u015f olabilir. G\u00fcncel durum i\u00e7in bir avukata dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<details class=\"pm-ic\" open>\n<summary>\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#kooperatifin-sorumlulugu\">Kooperatifin alacakl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlulu\u011fu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ortaklarin-sorumlulugu\">Ortaklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumlulu\u011fu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ek-odemeler\">Ek \u00f6demeler ve ge\u00e7ersiz s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#iflas\">Kooperatifin iflas\u0131nda orta\u011f\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#degistirme\">Sorumluluk h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#yeni-ortak\">Yeni giren ortaklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#olum-ayrilma-dagilma\">\u00d6l\u00fcm, ayr\u0131lma ve da\u011f\u0131lma sonras\u0131 sorumluluk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#zamanasimi\">Ortaklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sonuc\">Sonu\u00e7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kaynakca\">Kaynak\u00e7a ve dipnotlar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sss\">S\u0131k\u00e7a sorulan sorular<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#iletisim\">G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme talebi<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n<section id=\"kooperatifin-sorumlulugu\">\n<h2>Kooperatifin Alacakl\u0131lara Kar\u015f\u0131 Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>\n<p>Kooperatif Kanunu m. 28 uyar\u0131nca \u2018\u2018<em>Anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksine h\u00fck\u00fcm olmad\u0131k\u00e7a kooperatif, alacakl\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yaln\u0131z mamelekiyle sorumludur<\/em>\u2019\u2019 h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kural olarak kooperatif, alacakl\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yaln\u0131z malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sorumludur. Bu durumda, kooperatifin ana s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde h\u00fck\u00fcm yoksa veya \u2018kooperatif alacakl\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yaln\u0131z malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sorumludur\u2019 diye bir h\u00fck\u00fcm getirilmi\u015fse, kooperatif alacakl\u0131lar\u0131 ortaklar\u0131n ki\u015fisel malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuru yapamazlar<a href=\"#dn1\" id=\"dnr1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin G\u0131da Tar\u0131m ve Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan tar\u0131msal yap\u0131 kooperatifi anas\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde \u015f\u00f6yle bir d\u00fczenleme getirilmi\u015f. \u2018Kooperatif alacaklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n sermaye y\u00fcklenmesinin 50 kat\u0131 ve ek \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile sorumludur.\u2019 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan konut yap\u0131 kooperatifi anas\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde ise kooperatifin sorumlulu\u011fu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir d\u00fczenleme getirmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Kooperatifler anas\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine, malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131yla sorumlu olacaklar\u0131na dair bir h\u00fck\u00fcm getiremezler. \u00d6te yandan kooperatiflerin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sorumlu olacaklar\u0131 da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez. Ancak ortaklar, ayr\u0131ca sorumluluk y\u00fcklenmek istiyorlarsa bu hususu anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6rerek kooperatifin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ki\u015fisel sorumluluk \u00fcstlenebilirler.<a href=\"#dn2\" id=\"dnr2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Kooperatifin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kavram\u0131na kooperatifin bilan\u00e7osuna giren aktif de\u011ferler girer. \u00d6rne\u011fin; sermaye, alacak ve haklar gibi. Alacaklar\u0131n i\u00e7inde kooperatifin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerden olan alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekir. Ancak kooperatif ortaklar\u0131n\u0131, alacaklar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemek gerekir<a href=\"#dn3\" id=\"dnr3\">[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-cipler\" aria-label=\"Kooperatifin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na giren de\u011ferlere \u00f6rnekler\">\n<li>Sermaye<\/li>\n<li>Alacak<\/li>\n<li>Haklar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"ortaklarin-sorumlulugu\">\n<h2>Ortaklar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z ve S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>\n<p>Kural olarak, ortaklar\u0131n kooperatif bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 sorumlu olmamalar\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bunun sebebi, yard\u0131m ve dayan\u0131\u015fma ilkesinin bir araya getirdi\u011fi ki\u015filere alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015fvurmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemektir. E\u011fer ortaklar bir sorumluluk istiyorlarsa kanunda yer alan sorumluluk tiplerinden birini anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede kabul edebilirler. Bunlardan biri s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z, di\u011feri de s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumluluk halidir.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-ikili\">\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sorumluluk \u00b7 KoopK m. 29<\/p>\n<p>Alacakl\u0131lar, ortaklar\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131ra tabi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015fvurabilir; sorumluluk zincirleme yani m\u00fcteselsildir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumluluk \u00b7 KoopK m. 30<\/p>\n<p>Ortak sermaye pay\u0131ndan ba\u015fka ve ek olarak sorumlu tutulur; bu ek sorumluluk belli bir tutar ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><strong> S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z Sorumluluk<\/strong><\/h3>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>Kooperatifler Kanunu m. 29: \u2018\u2018<em>Anas\u00f6zle\u015fme, kooperatifin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya yetmedi\u011fi hallerde, ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n da \u015fahsan ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olarak sorumlu tutulacaklar\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na alabilir. Bu takdirde alacakl\u0131lar kooperatifin iflas\u0131 veya di\u011fer sebeplerle da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen sa\u011flayamazlarsa, kooperatifin bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, kooperatif ortaklar\u0131 zincirleme ve b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131klar\u0131yla sorumlu olurlar<\/em>.\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n<p><cite>Kooperatifler Kanunu, m. 29<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Bu h\u00fckme g\u00f6re, alacakl\u0131lar sadece kooperatifin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011fil, ortaklar\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na da herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131ra tabi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015fvurabilirler. Sorumluluk zincirleme yani m\u00fcteselsil oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in istedikleri orta\u011f\u0131 takip edebilirler.<\/p>\n<p>Kanun koyucu kooperatif ortaklar\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015f, alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n ortaklara ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-liste\">\n<li>\u0130lk \u015fart, ortaklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sorumlu olduklar\u0131n\u0131n anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi durumda ortaklar\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sorumluluk haline gitmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Bir di\u011fer \u015fart, kooperatifin iflas etmesi ya da di\u011fer sebeplerle da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Da\u011f\u0131lma ile tasfiye anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn4\" id=\"dnr4\">[4]<\/a> \u0130flas ve tasfiye halinde yap\u0131lan icra takibinin semeresiz kalmas\u0131 halinde ortaklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sorumlulu\u011fu s\u00f6z konusu olur.<\/li>\n<li>Bir di\u011fer \u015fart, kooperatifin tasfiyesi sonucunda alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen veya tamamen sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Son olarak, kooperatif, ortaklar\u0131na kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sorumluluk y\u00fckl\u00fcyorsa ortak bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kabul etmelidir. Kurucu ortaklar i\u00e7in anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede b\u00f6yle bir \u015fart\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<a href=\"#dn5\" id=\"dnr5\">[5]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sorumluluk, ortaklar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden olduk\u00e7a a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furur. Bu nedenle uygulamada, kooperatifler s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sorumluluk kural\u0131na s\u0131cak bakmamakta ve b\u00f6yle bir kural\u0131 anas\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine almamaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<h3><strong> S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 Sorumluluk<\/strong><\/h3>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>Kooperatifler Kanunu m. 30: \u2018\u2018<em>Anas\u00f6zle\u015fmeye, kooperatif bor\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in her orta\u011f\u0131n kendi pay\u0131ndan fazla olarak \u015fahsan ve belirli bir miktara kadar kooperatiften sonra sorumlu olacaklar\u0131 hususunda bir h\u00fck\u00fcm konabilir. Ortaklar\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na sorumlu olacaklar\u0131 miktar kooperatifteki paylar\u0131n\u0131n tutar\u0131 ile orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak da g\u00f6sterilebilir. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0130flas\u0131n sonuna kadar bu sorumluluk iflas idaresi taraf\u0131ndan ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr<\/em>.\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n<p><cite>Kooperatifler Kanunu, m. 30<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Uygulamada en \u00e7ok kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorumluluk tipi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumluluktur. Nitekim G\u0131da Tar\u0131m ve Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan tar\u0131msal yap\u0131 kooperatifi anas\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde \u015f\u00f6yle bir d\u00fczenleme getirilmi\u015f. \u2018\u2018Kooperatif ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu, y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 sermaye paylar\u0131n\u0131n 100 kat\u0131 ve ek \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.\u2019\u2019 S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumluluk ek bir sorumluluktur. Zira ortak sermaye pay\u0131ndan ba\u015fka ve ek olarak sorumlu tutulmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu ek sorumluluk s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sorumlulu\u011fun aksine belli bir tutar ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orta\u011f\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvurulmakta ve belli, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir tutarda talepte bulunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Kooperatif anas\u00f6zle\u015fmesine konulacak bir h\u00fck\u00fcmle, orta\u011f\u0131n sermaye pay\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 ve belirli tutar ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u2018\u2018100.000 liraya kadar \u2019\u2019 sorumlu oldu\u011fu da kabul edilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumluluk halinin uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u015fartlar aranmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-liste\">\n<li>\u0130lk olarak bu sorumluluk hali anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>Anas\u00f6zle\u015fmeye orta\u011f\u0131n kendi pay\u0131ndan fazla olarak ne miktara kadar sorumlu olaca\u011f\u0131 veya sermaye pay\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7 kat\u0131 kadar sorumlu tutulaca\u011f\u0131 hususunda h\u00fck\u00fcm konulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6nemli olan bir di\u011fer husus, orta\u011f\u0131n ikinci derecede sorumlu oldu\u011fudur. Madde h\u00fckm\u00fcnde belirtildi\u011fi gibi orta\u011fa kooperatiften sonra ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/li>\n<li>Bir di\u011fer \u015fart, kooperatifin iflas ya da da\u011f\u0131larak tasfiye haline girmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kooperatif iflas etmeden ya da tasfiye olmadan \u00f6nce m. 30 h\u00fckm\u00fcne dayanarak alacakl\u0131, orta\u011f\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuramaz.<\/li>\n<li>Son olarak ortaklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumlu olan bir kooperatife girmek isteyen ki\u015fi bunu yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kabul etmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"ek-odemeler\">\n<h2>Ek \u00d6demeler ve Sorumlulukta Ge\u00e7ersiz S\u0131n\u0131rlamalar<\/h2>\n<h3>Ek \u00d6demeler<\/h3>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>Kooperatifler Kanunu m. 31\u2019de ortaklar\u0131n ek \u00f6deme y\u00fcklemi ile sorumlu tutulabilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. <em>\u2018\u2018Anas\u00f6zle\u015fme, ortaklar\u0131 ek \u00f6demelerle y\u00fck\u00fcmlendirebilir. Ancak, ek \u00f6demelerin <strong>yaln\u0131z bilan\u00e7o a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kapatmada<\/strong> kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Ek \u00f6deme y\u00fckleme s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olabilece\u011fi gibi belirli miktarlarla veya i\u015f hacmi ile veya paylarla orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131labilir. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Kooperatifin iflas\u0131 halinde ek \u00f6demeleri isteme hakk\u0131 iflas idaresinindir.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p><cite>Kooperatifler Kanunu, m. 31<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"pm-tanim\"><strong>Ek \u00f6demeler,<\/strong> bir sorumluluk t\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fil, bir y\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Y\u00fck\u00fcm alacakl\u0131lara de\u011fil, kooperatife kar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ek \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in; anas\u00f6zle\u015fme, ortaklar\u0131 ek \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile y\u00fck\u00fcmlendirmi\u015f olmas\u0131, ek \u00f6demelerin bilan\u00e7o a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, bilan\u00e7o a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle yedek ak\u00e7elerle kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekir.<a href=\"#dn6\" id=\"dnr6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-liste\">\n<li>Anas\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ortaklar\u0131 ek \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile y\u00fck\u00fcmlendirmi\u015f olmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Ek \u00f6demelerin bilan\u00e7o a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Bilan\u00e7o a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle yedek ak\u00e7elerle kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Sorumlulukta Ge\u00e7erli Olmayan S\u0131n\u0131rlamalar<\/h3>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>Kooperatifler Kanunu m. 32: <em>\u2018\u2018Sorumlulu\u011fu belirli bir zamana b\u0131rakan veya baz\u0131 ortak gruplar\u0131na y\u00fckleyen anas\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri muteber de\u011fildir.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p><cite>Kooperatifler Kanunu, m. 32<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm gere\u011fince sorumluluk t\u00fcm ortaklara aittir ve anas\u00f6zle\u015fme ile sorumlulu\u011fun belirli bir zamana b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da baz\u0131 ortaklara y\u00fckletilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Yani ortaklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu konusunda e\u015fitsizlik yaratan kurallar\u0131n, kooperatif anas\u00f6zle\u015fmesine konulmas\u0131 ge\u00e7ersizdir. Benzer h\u00fck\u00fcm m. 23\u2019de \u015f\u00f6yle belirtilmi\u015ftir: <em>\u2018\u2018Ortaklar bu kanunun kabul etti\u011fi esaslar dahilinde hak ve vecibelerde e\u015fittirler.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"iflas\">\n<h2>Kooperatifin \u0130flas\u0131 H\u00e2linde Orta\u011f\u0131n Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>\n<p>Kooperatifler TTK m. 124 ve m. 16 h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fince t\u00fczel ki\u015fi tacirlerdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kooperatifler her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 takip edilebilirler. Kooperatifin iflas\u0131na alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n veya kooperatifin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine karar verilebilir. \u0130flasa karar verilmesi halinde ortaklar hakk\u0131nda uygulanacak usul ise m. 33 de belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p><em> \u2018\u2018Ortaklar\u0131 \u015fahsan sorumlu bulunan veya ek \u00f6demelerle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olan bir kooperatifin iflas\u0131 halinde, iflas idaresi s\u0131ra cetvelini d\u00fczenlemekle beraber ortaklardan her birinin pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen borcun \u00f6denmesini kendilerinden ister. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Tahsil olunamayan mebla\u011flar di\u011fer ortaklar<\/em> <em>aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr. Aktif bakiyesi pay cetvellerinin kesin olarak tespiti \u00fczerine geri verilir. Ortaklar\u0131n birbirlerine r\u00fccu haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Ortaklar\u0131n ge\u00e7ici olarak tespit olunan bor\u00e7lar\u0131 ile pay cetveli aleyhine \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re itiraz haklar\u0131 vard\u0131r.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p><cite>Kooperatifler Kanunu, m. 33<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>S\u00f6z konusu maddede belirtilen s\u0131ra cetvelini iflas idaresi haz\u0131rlar ve iflas idaresinin en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revlerinden biridir. \u0130flas idaresi, bu arada ortaklardan, her birinin pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen borcun \u00f6denmesini ister. \u0130flas idaresinin ortaklardan isteyece\u011fi miktar, orta\u011f\u0131n sorumlu oldu\u011fu miktar ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer ortaklar \u015fahsen ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olarak sorumlu iseler ve alacakl\u0131lar ya tamamen ya da k\u0131smen alacaklar\u0131na kavu\u015fmad\u0131larsa, iflas idaresi kalan k\u0131s\u0131m i\u00e7in ortaklara ba\u015fvurup, borcu kar\u015f\u0131layacak miktar\u0131 kimde bulursa ondan tahsil edebilecektir. Bu durumda ortaklar\u0131n birbirlerine r\u00fccu haklar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer ortaklar \u015fahsen ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak sorumlu iseler, iflas idaresi, sadece orta\u011f\u0131n sorumlu oldu\u011fu miktar\u0131n \u00f6denmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer orta\u011f\u0131n sorumlu oldu\u011fu miktar yaln\u0131zca sermaye pay\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve ortak bu sermaye pay\u0131n\u0131 tamamen \u00f6demi\u015fse, iflas idaresi ortaktan \u00f6deme talebinde bulunamayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer ortaklar ek \u00f6demelerle y\u00fck\u00fcmlendirilmi\u015f ise, iflas idaresi, ortaklardan her birinin pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen borcun \u00f6denmesini kendilerinden isteyebilir.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-tablo-baslik\" id=\"tablo-iflas-idaresi\">Sorumluluk tipine g\u00f6re iflas idaresinin ortaktan isteyebilece\u011fi<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-tablo-kap\">\n<table class=\"pm-tablo\" aria-labelledby=\"tablo-iflas-idaresi\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Orta\u011f\u0131n durumu<\/th>\n<th>\u0130flas idaresi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u015eahsen ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sorumlu<\/td>\n<td>Kalan k\u0131s\u0131m i\u00e7in ortaklara ba\u015fvurup borcu kar\u015f\u0131layacak miktar\u0131 kimde bulursa ondan tahsil edebilir; ortaklar\u0131n birbirlerine r\u00fccu haklar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u015eahsen ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumlu<\/td>\n<td>Sadece orta\u011f\u0131n sorumlu oldu\u011fu miktar\u0131n \u00f6denmesini isteyebilir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sorumluluk yaln\u0131zca sermaye pay\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve pay tamamen \u00f6denmi\u015f<\/td>\n<td>Ortaktan \u00f6deme talebinde bulunamaz.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ek \u00f6demelerle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc<\/td>\n<td>Ortaklardan her birinin pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen borcun \u00f6denmesini isteyebilir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Devam eden f\u0131krada ise \u2018<em>Tahsil olunamayan mebla\u011flar di\u011fer ortaklar<\/em> <em>aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr.\u2019 <\/em>denilmi\u015ftir. Bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131 sorumluluk tipleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Ortaklar\u0131 \u015fahsen ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sorumlu olan kooperatiflerde uygulamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve ortaklar\u0131n birbirine r\u00fccu haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Ortaklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumlu olan veya ek \u00f6demelerle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bulunan kooperatiflerde ise, tahsil olunamayan mebla\u011flar\u0131n di\u011fer ortaklardan tahsil edilmesi ve onlar aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi, bu s\u0131n\u0131r dahilinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u015eayet ortada tahsil edilemeyen bir mebla\u011f olsa bile, ortak sorumlu oldu\u011fu kadar bir miktar\u0131 \u00f6demi\u015fse, art\u0131k kooperatifin kalan bor\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan o orta\u011fa ba\u015fvurulamaz.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130flas\u0131n ilan\u0131ndan itibaren yeni ortak al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve orta\u011f\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, iflas idaresi bir yandan mevcut ortaklara ba\u015fvururken, di\u011fer yandan da m.36\u2019ya g\u00f6re, \u00f6nceki ortaklar\u0131 da arar:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p><em>\u2018<strong>\u2019<\/strong><\/em><strong><em>S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z veya s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumlu<\/em><\/strong><em> bir ortak \u00f6l\u00fcr veya di\u011fer bir sebeple kooperatiften ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fti\u011fi tarihten ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l veya anas\u00f6zle\u015fme ile tespit olunan daha uzun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kooperatif iflas etti\u011fi takdirde, <strong>ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce do\u011fmu\u015f olan bor\u00e7lar i\u00e7in ortak sorumluluktan kurtulamaz. <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ayn\u0131 \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda veya ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde <strong>ek \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong> de mevcut olmakta devam eder. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Bir kooperatif da\u011f\u0131l\u0131rsa, da\u011f\u0131lman\u0131n Ticaret Siciline tescilinden ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l veya anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede tespit olunan daha uzun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kooperatifin iflas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesi halinde ortaklar ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ek \u00f6demelerle birlikte sorumludurlar.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p><cite>Kooperatifler Kanunu, m. 36<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ortaklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu sadece ayr\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce do\u011fmu\u015f olan bor\u00e7lar i\u00e7indir. \u0130flas idaresi t\u00fcm ortaklara, hatta ayr\u0131lan ortaklara ba\u015fvursa bile bor\u00e7 tam olarak \u00f6denemiyorsa tahsil edilmeyen miktarlar di\u011fer ortaklar aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ortaklar\u0131n birbirine r\u00fccu haklar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn7\" id=\"dnr7\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ortaklar\u0131n ge\u00e7ici olarak tespit olunan bor\u00e7lar\u0131 ile pay cetveli aleyhine \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re itiraz haklar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n alacaklar\u0131 tamamen \u00f6dendikten sonra geriye bir aktif bakiye kal\u0131rsa, bu bakiye ortaklara geri verilir.(KoopK. m.33\/2)<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"degistirme\">\n<h2>Ortaklar\u0131n Sorumluluk H\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/h2>\n<p>Kanun, ortaklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funun de\u011fi\u015fmezli\u011fin kabul edilmesinin do\u011fru olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek onlara bu imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kooperatifin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi geli\u015fme ya da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar, ortaklar\u0131n sorumluluklar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hale getirebilir. Kooperatifi \u00e7ekici hale getirmek i\u00e7in, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sorumluluk, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ya da ek \u00f6demeler kald\u0131r\u0131labilir. Az ortakl\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumlulu\u011fu benimsemi\u015f bir kooperatifin kredi ihtiyac\u0131 varsa s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sorumlulu\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>KoopK. m.34: <em>\u2018\u2018Ortaklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu ve ek \u00f6demeler y\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile ilgili de\u011fi\u015ftirmeler ancak anas\u00f6zle\u015fmenin tadili ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Sorumluluk ve ek \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcmleri konulmas\u0131 veya bunlar\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, bu husustaki karar\u0131n tescili ile kooperatifin b\u00fct\u00fcn alacaklar\u0131 lehine h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eder. Sorumlulu\u011fun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki kararlar, tescilden evvel do\u011fmu\u015f bor\u00e7lar\u0131 kapsamaz.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p><cite>Kooperatifler Kanunu, m. 34<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>De\u011fi\u015fiklik ancak anas\u00f6zle\u015fmenin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi yolu ile sa\u011flanabilir.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>KoopK. m. 51<em>: \u2018\u2018Anas\u00f6zle\u015fmenin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi kararlar\u0131nda fiilen kullan\u0131lan oylar\u0131n 2\/3 \u00fc \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu gereklidir. Anas\u00f6zle\u015fme, bu kararlar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in oy \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda daha a\u011f\u0131r h\u00fck\u00fcmler koyabilir.\u2019\u2019 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><cite>Kooperatifler Kanunu, m. 51<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>KoopK. m. 52\/1: <em>\u2018\u2018Ortaklar\u0131n \u015fahsi sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ek \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcmleri ihdas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda al\u0131nacak kararlar i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklar\u0131n 3\/4&#8217;\u00fcn\u00fcn r\u0131zas\u0131 gereklidir.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p><cite>Kooperatifler Kanunu, m. 52\/1<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki madde h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re, e\u011fer sorumlulu\u011fu azaltan bir anas\u00f6zle\u015fme de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131lacak olursa fiilen kullan\u0131lan oylar\u0131n 2\/3 \u00fc \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu gereklidir, E\u011fer ortaklar\u0131n \u015fahsi sorumluluklar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ek \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin konulmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir anas\u00f6zle\u015fme de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gidilecek olursa ortaklar\u0131n 3\/4 \u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn r\u0131zas\u0131 gereklidir.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-ikili\">\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Sorumlulu\u011fu azaltan de\u011fi\u015fiklik<\/p>\n<p>Fiilen kullan\u0131lan oylar\u0131n 2\/3 \u00fc \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu gereklidir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Sorumlulu\u011fu a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131ran de\u011fi\u015fiklik veya ek \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fc<\/p>\n<p>Ortaklar\u0131n 3\/4 \u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn r\u0131zas\u0131 gereklidir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Sorumluluk ve ek \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcmleri konulmas\u0131 veya bunlar\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, bu husustaki karar\u0131n tescili ile kooperatifin b\u00fct\u00fcn alacaklar\u0131 lehine h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eder. Buradaki tescil kurucu niteliktedir.<\/p>\n<p>KoopK. m. 52\/3: <em>\u2018\u2018Kararlar, ilandan ba\u015flayarak \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde kooperatiften \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmeleri halinde bunlara kat\u0131lmayan ortaklar\u0131 ba\u011flamaz. Bu takdirde kooperatiften \u00e7\u0131kma beyan\u0131, karar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten ba\u015flamak \u00fczere h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eder.\u2019\u2019 <\/em>Devam\u0131nda ise <em>\u2018\u2018Bu suretle kooperatiften \u00e7\u0131kma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, bir ayr\u0131lma tazminat\u0131 \u00f6denmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131namaz.\u2019\u2019 <\/em>denilerek ortaklar lehine bir d\u00fczenleme getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n korunmas\u0131<\/p>\n<p>KoopK. m. 34: <em>\u2018\u2018Sorumlulu\u011fun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki kararlar, tescilden evvel do\u011fmu\u015f bor\u00e7lar\u0131 kapsamaz.\u2019\u2019<\/em> B\u00f6ylece alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesi \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir. Kooperatif alacakl\u0131lar\u0131 tescilden \u00f6nce do\u011fmu\u015f alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, eski sorumluluk durumuna g\u00f6re alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 takip edebileceklerdir. B\u00f6yle bir d\u00fczenlemeye gidilmemi\u015f olsayd\u0131, alacakl\u0131lar zarar\u0131na her zaman anas\u00f6zle\u015fme de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gidilerek, alacakl\u0131lar zarara u\u011frat\u0131labilirdi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"yeni-ortak\">\n<h2>Kooperatife Yeni Giren Ortaklar\u0131n Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h2>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>KoopK. m. 35: <em>\u2018\u2018Ortaklar\u0131 \u015fahsan sorumlu, veya ek \u00f6demelerle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bir kooperatifte, durumunu <strong>bilerek<\/strong> yeni giren kimse, giri\u015finden \u00f6nce do\u011fmu\u015f olan bor\u00e7lardan di\u011fer ortaklar gibi sorumlu olur. Buna ayk\u0131r\u0131 mukavele h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle ortaklar aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slar hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmez.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p><cite>Kooperatifler Kanunu, m. 35<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Kooperatif alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan onlar lehine bir h\u00fck\u00fcm getirilmi\u015ftir. Daha \u00f6nceden kurulan kooperatife bir orta\u011f\u0131n girmesi; ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n devri, miras yoluyla ya da yeni ortak olma \u015feklinde olabilir.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-cipler\" aria-label=\"Kurulmu\u015f kooperatife ortak olma yollar\u0131\">\n<li>Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n devri<\/li>\n<li>Miras yoluyla<\/li>\n<li>Yeni ortak olma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2018Bilerek girme\u2019 nin nas\u0131l sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 8. maddede belirtilmi\u015ftir. <em>\u2018\u2019<\/em><em>Kooperatif, ortaklar\u0131na kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u015fahsi bir sorumluluk veya ek \u00f6demeler y\u00fckl\u00fcyor ise ortak olmak iste\u011fi, bu y\u00fck\u00fcmlerin yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kabul edilmesi halinde de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131r.\u2019\u2019 <\/em>B\u00f6ylece yeni giren bir orta\u011f\u0131n, ortaklar\u0131 \u015fahsen sorumlu ve ek \u00f6demelerle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bir kooperatif oldu\u011funu bilmedi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>Yarg\u0131tay bir karar\u0131nda<a href=\"#dn8\" id=\"dnr8\">[8]<\/a> <em>\u2018\u2018 Kooperatife yeni giren ortaklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu 1163 Say\u0131l\u0131 KoopK. \u2019n\u0131n 35. Maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re kooperatif ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devralan ki\u015fi o ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm hak ve vecibeleri ile devralm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan, varsa eski bor\u00e7lardan dahi sorumludur. Devreden ile devralan \u00fcye aras\u0131nda eski bor\u00e7lar\u0131n devreden orta\u011fa ait oldu\u011fu yolunda anla\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde bu h\u00fck\u00fcm ikisi aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli olup, kooperatifi ba\u011flamaz. Devreden orta\u011fa ait bor\u00e7lar\u0131 da devralan yeni ortak kooperatife \u00f6demek zorundad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte aralar\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye g\u00f6re eski orta\u011fa r\u00fccu edebilir.\u2019\u2019 <\/em>demi\u015ftir<\/p>\n<p><cite>Y. 11. HD. E:2004\/2908 K:2004\/12292 T:13.12.2004<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Yeni orta\u011f\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu ortaklara ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131, giri\u015f bildiriminin kabul\u00fc ile ba\u015flar. Giri\u015fin bildirimsiz ve kabuls\u00fcz oldu\u011fu hallerde kabul yerine ge\u00e7en i\u015flem esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Emredici h\u00fck\u00fcm<\/p>\n<p>Ortaklar\u0131 \u015fahsen ve ek \u00f6demelerle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bir kooperatife sonradan giren orta\u011f\u0131n, giri\u015finden \u00f6nceki kooperatif bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan sorumlu tutulmayaca\u011f\u0131 anas\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle, bu konuda ortaklar\u0131n kendi aralar\u0131nda yapacaklar\u0131 anla\u015fmalar, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmez. (m.35\/son c\u00fcmle) Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm emredici niteliktedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"olum-ayrilma-dagilma\">\n<h2>\u00d6l\u00fcm, Ayr\u0131lma ve Da\u011f\u0131lma Sonras\u0131 Sorumluluk<\/h2>\n<h3>Orta\u011f\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden veya Ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan Sonra Do\u011fan Sorumluluk<\/h3>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>KoopK. m. 36\/1, 2: <em>\u2018\u2018S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z veya s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumlu bir ortak \u00f6l\u00fcr veya di\u011fer bir sebeple kooperatiften ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kesinle\u015fti\u011fi tarihten ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l veya anas\u00f6zle\u015fme ile tespit olunan daha uzun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kooperatif iflas etti\u011fi takdirde, <strong>ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce do\u011fmu\u015f olan<\/strong> bor\u00e7lar i\u00e7in ortak sorumluluktan kurtulamaz.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ayn\u0131 \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda veya ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ek \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fc de mevcut olmakta devam eder.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p><cite>Kooperatifler Kanunu, m. 36\/1, 2<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm ile alacakl\u0131lar korunmu\u015ftur. Aksi durumda ortaklar\u0131n kooperatifin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 borcu oldu\u011funu ya da i\u015flerin k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitti\u011fini anlamalar\u0131 durumunda, ortaklar sorumluluktan kurtulmak i\u00e7in ortakl\u0131ktan ayr\u0131labilirlerdi.<\/p>\n<p>Sorumluluk s\u00fcresinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihi; orta\u011f\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihi, orta\u011f\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kma veya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lman\u0131n kesinle\u015fti\u011fi tarihtir. \u00d6l\u00fcm halinde ortakl\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131 sona erer.( m. 14) Orta\u011f\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc halinde ortakl\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131 sona erdi\u011fine g\u00f6re, bu durumda kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen sorumluluk, \u00f6len orta\u011f\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndendir. E\u011fer \u00f6len orta\u011f\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 miras\u0131 reddetmi\u015flerse bu durumda sorumluluk sona ermi\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn9\" id=\"dnr9\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sorumluluk i\u00e7in iflas\u0131n bir y\u0131l veya daha uzun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi gerekir. Kanunda belirlenen 1 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre en az s\u00fcre olup, bu s\u00fcre anas\u00f6zle\u015fme ile daha uzun belirlenebilir. Anas\u00f6zle\u015fme ile daha k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre belirlenemez. \u00d6rne\u011fin konut yap\u0131 anas\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde <em>\u2018\u2018Kooperatiften ili\u015fkisi kesilen orta\u011f\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu, ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren iki y\u0131l devam eder.\u2019\u2019<\/em> denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer ortak \u00f6ld\u00fckten, ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kooperatifin iflas\u0131na sebebiyet verecek bir bor\u00e7 do\u011fmu\u015f olursa ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcreler i\u00e7inde kooperatif iflas ettiyse i\u015fte o zaman \u00f6len, ayr\u0131lan orta\u011f\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fundan bahsedilemez.<\/p>\n<h3>Kooperatifin Da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan Sonra Ortaklar\u0131n Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h3>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>KoopK. m. 36\/3: <em>\u2018\u2018Bir kooperatif da\u011f\u0131l\u0131rsa, da\u011f\u0131lman\u0131n Ticaret Siciline tescilinden ba\u015flayarak bir y\u0131l veya anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede tespit olunan daha uzun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kooperatifin iflas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesi halinde ortaklar ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ek \u00f6demelerle birlikte sorumludurlar.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p><cite>Kooperatifler Kanunu, m. 36\/3<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ek \u00f6demelerle birlikte ortaklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funa gidebilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle kooperatifin da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131lman\u0131n Ticaret Siciline tescil ettirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Sorumlulu\u011fun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, da\u011f\u0131lman\u0131n sicile tescil edildi\u011fi tarihtir.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">S\u00fcre<\/p>\n<p>Kooperatifin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sicile tescil edildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren bir y\u0131l veya anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirlenen daha uzun bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, kooperatifin iflas\u0131na karar verilmesi gerekir. E\u011fer belirlenen s\u00fcre ge\u00e7tikten sonra iflasa karar verilirse, ortaklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funa gitmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"zamanasimi\">\n<h2>Ortaklar\u0131n Sorumlulu\u011funda Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>KoopK. m.37: <em>\u2018\u2018Alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n, ortaklar\u0131n \u015fahsi sorumluluklar\u0131ndan do\u011fan isteme haklar\u0131, daha \u00f6nce kanuni bir h\u00fck\u00fcm gere\u011fince d\u00fc\u015fmedik\u00e7e iflas i\u015flemlerinin sona ermesinden ba\u015flayarak daha bir y\u0131l s\u00fcre ile alacakl\u0131lardan her biri taraf\u0131ndan ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ortaklar\u0131n birbirine olan r\u00fccu haklar\u0131 da bu hakka v\u00fccut veren \u00f6demenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frar.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p><cite>Kooperatifler Kanunu, m. 37<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Bu madde de belirtilen zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, ortaklar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkideki sorumluluklar\u0131na uygulanacak zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Ortaklar\u0131n kooperatif ile veya birbirleriyle ilgili olan zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ise i\u00e7 ili\u015fki ile ilgilidir ve BK\u2019n\u0131n 147\/4 maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<a href=\"#dn10\" id=\"dnr10\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci f\u0131krada belirtilen zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ise ortaklar\u0131n birbirlerine olan r\u00fccu haklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresidir. Buna g\u00f6re, kooperatif bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 m\u00fcteselsil sorumlu olan ortak, kooperatif borcunu \u00f6dedi\u011fi takdirde ya da yeni ortak \u00f6nceki bor\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6dedi\u011fi takdirde, bu \u00f6deme tarihlerinden itibaren bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde di\u011fer ortaklara r\u00fccu hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Burada ortaklar\u0131n birbirine olan r\u00fccu hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel bir zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden BK\u2019 daki be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre di\u011fer hallerde uygulansa bile bu durumda uygulanamaz.<a href=\"#dn11\" id=\"dnr11\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bir y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 iflas i\u015flemlerinin sona ermesinden itibaren ba\u015flar. \u0130flas i\u015flemlerinin sona ermesi ise iflas\u0131n kapanmas\u0131d\u0131r. (\u0130\u0130K m. 254) Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, iflas\u0131n kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n ilan edildi\u011fi tarihtir.<\/p>\n<p>Son olarak bu madde de sadece kooperatifin iflas\u0131na yer verilmi\u015f. Ancak tasfiye i\u00e7in bir h\u00fck\u00fcm getirilmemi\u015f. Daha \u00f6nce belirtilen 29. maddede \u2018\u2018<em>alacakl\u0131lar kooperatifin iflas\u0131 veya di\u011fer sebeplerle da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen sa\u011flayamazlarsa<\/em>\u2019\u2019 h\u00fckm\u00fc yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu h\u00fckm\u00fc k\u0131yasen uygularsak, ortaklar tasfiyenin bitti\u011fi tarihten itibaren bir y\u0131l i\u00e7in daha alacakl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 sorumludurlar.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"sonuc\">\n<h2>Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pm-tanim\"><strong>Kooperatifler,<\/strong> t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi haiz olmak \u00fczere ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n belirli ekonomik menfaatlerini ve \u00f6zellikle meslek veya ge\u00e7imlerine ait ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ve parasal katk\u0131lar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yard\u0131m, dayan\u0131\u015fma ve kefalet suretiyle sa\u011flay\u0131p korumak amac\u0131yla ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan kurulan de\u011fi\u015fir ortakl\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fir sermayeli ortakl\u0131klard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>KoopK. \u2019da ortaklar\u0131n haklar\u0131 yan\u0131nda sorumluluklar\u0131 da d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Kanunda ortaklar korundu\u011fu kadar, kooperatif ve alacakl\u0131lar da korunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Ortaklar, kanunda belirlenen kurallar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, kooperatifin bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 sorumluluklar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda anas\u00f6zle\u015fmeye kendi iradeleriyle h\u00fck\u00fcm koyabilirler. B\u00f6ylece belirlenen sorumlulu\u011fa g\u00f6re alacakl\u0131lar alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elde edebilir. Kooperatifin faaliyetini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi, t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fini korumas\u0131 ve bilan\u00e7o a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in anas\u00f6zle\u015fmelerle ek \u00f6deme y\u00fcklemi getirilebilir. Ortaklar, kooperatifin iflas\u0131 halinde kanunda belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde alacakl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 sorumludurlar.<\/p>\n<p>Kanunda, sorumlulu\u011fu belirli bir zamana b\u0131rakan veya baz\u0131 ortak gruplar\u0131na y\u00fckleyen anas\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm de 23. madde de yer alan hak ve vecibelerde e\u015fitlik esas\u0131na paralel olup ortaklar\u0131n e\u015fitsizli\u011fi \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Kooperatifin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi geli\u015fim ya da ekonomik ihtiyac\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde anas\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir. Olumlu de\u011fi\u015fim ya da olumsuz de\u011fi\u015fim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 oy say\u0131lar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir. Olumsuz de\u011fi\u015fim de daha fazla orta\u011f\u0131n onay\u0131 aranmaktad\u0131r. Karar\u0131n ilan\u0131ndan itibaren 3 ay i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesi ve bu kararlara kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda bu karar kendisini ba\u011flamaz.<\/p>\n<p>Ortaklar\u0131n \u015fahsen sorumlu veya ek \u00f6demelerle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bir kooperatife, durumu bilerek yeni giren kimse giri\u015finden \u00f6nce do\u011fmu\u015f olan bor\u00e7lardan di\u011fer ortaklar gibi sorumlu olur. Orta\u011f\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde ise ayr\u0131lman\u0131n kesinle\u015fti\u011fi tarihten itibaren 1 y\u0131l veya anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede daha uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fcyse o s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kooperatif iflas ettiyse, ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce do\u011fmu\u015f bulunan bor\u00e7lar i\u00e7in ortak sorumluluktan kurtulamaz. Kooperatifin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde ise da\u011f\u0131lman\u0131n ticaret siciline tescilinden ba\u015flayarak 1 y\u0131l veya anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede daha uzun bir s\u00fcre belirlendiyse bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kooperatifin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesi halinde, ortaklar ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ek \u00f6demelerle birlikte sorumludurlar.<\/p>\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak, kooperatife ortak olmak isteyenlerin, ilerde bir s\u00fcrprizle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmamalar\u0131, kooperatifin alacakl\u0131lar\u0131na dair sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 bilmeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan anas\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini bilmeleri menfaatlerine olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"kaynakca\">\n<h2>Kaynak\u00e7a ve Dipnotlar<\/h2>\n<h3>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"pm-liste\">\n<li><em><strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K, Salih; LALE, Muktedir. <\/strong>\u00d6zetli- \u0130\u00e7tihatl\u0131- Uygulamal\u0131 Kooperatifler Hukuku, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2006.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>ER\u0130\u015e, G\u00f6nen. <\/strong>A\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131- \u0130\u00e7tihatl\u0131 Uygulamal\u0131 Kooperatifler Hukuku, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,3. Bask\u0131, Ankara, 2001.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>G\u00dcRB\u00dcZ G\u00d6\u00c7, Di\u011fdem. \u2018<\/strong>Kooperatiflerde Ortaklar\u0131n Sorumlulu\u011fu\u2019, Marmara \u00dcniversitesi \u0130\u0130BF Dergisi, \u0130stanbul, 2010, C. XXVIII, S.1, s. 463- 477. <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>TEK\u0130NALP, \u00dcnal; POROY, Reha; \u00c7AMO\u011eLU, Ersin. <\/strong>Ortakl\u0131klar ve Kooperatif Hukuku, Vedat Kitap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 2009.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>\u00dcST\u00dcN, Yusuf; AYDIN, Muhittin. <\/strong>Kooperatifler Hukuku, Banka ve Ticaret Hukuku Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2014.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Dipnotlar<\/h3>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn1\"><a href=\"#dnr1\">[1]<\/a> <em>G\u00f6nen Eri\u015f, <strong>A\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131- \u0130\u00e7tihatl\u0131 Uygulamal\u0131 Kooperatifler Hukuku<\/strong>, Ankara 2001, s. 688.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn2\"><a href=\"#dnr2\">[2]<\/a> <em>Di\u011fdem G\u00f6\u00e7 G\u00fcrb\u00fcz, <strong>Kooperatiflerde Ortaklar\u0131n Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/strong>, Marmara \u00dcniversitesi \u0130\u0130BF Dergisi y\u0131l 2010, s.463-477<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn3\"><a href=\"#dnr3\">[3]<\/a> <em>Eri\u015f, <strong>a.g.k<\/strong>. s. 688.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn4\"><a href=\"#dnr4\">[4]<\/a> <em>\u00dcnal Tekinalp, Reha Poroy, Ersin \u00c7amo\u011flu, <strong>Ortakl\u0131klar ve Kooperatifler Hukuku, <\/strong>10. Bask\u0131, \u0130stanbul, s.993.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn5\"><a href=\"#dnr5\">[5]<\/a> <em>Di\u011fdem G\u00f6\u00e7 G\u00fcrb\u00fcz, <strong>a.g.m<\/strong>. s.466.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn6\"><a href=\"#dnr6\">[6]<\/a> <em>Y. 11. HD E:7163 K:6175 T: 04.10.1993. ( G\u00f6nen Eri\u015f, <strong>a.g.k. <\/strong>s.1176)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn7\"><a href=\"#dnr7\">[7]<\/a> <em>\u00dcnal Tekinalp, Reha Poroy, Ersin \u00c7amo\u011flu, <strong>a.g.k<\/strong>. s.995, Di\u011fdem G\u00f6\u00e7 G\u00fcrb\u00fcz, <strong>a.g.m<\/strong>. s.471.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn8\"><a href=\"#dnr8\">[8]<\/a> <em>Y 11. HD. E:2004\/2908 K:2004\/12292 T:13.12.2004, Yusuf \u00dcST\u00dcN, Muhittin AYDIN, <strong>a.g.k<\/strong>. s.147.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn9\"><a href=\"#dnr9\">[9]<\/a> <em>Di\u011fdem G\u00d6\u00c7 G\u00dcRB\u00dcZ, <strong>a.g.m<\/strong>. s.474.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn10\"><a href=\"#dnr10\">[10]<\/a> <em>G\u00f6nen ER\u0130\u015e, <strong>a.g.k.<\/strong> s.714. \u2018\u2018Bir ortakl\u0131kta, ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan ve ortaklar\u0131n birbirleri veya kendileri ile ortakl\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki; bir ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcd\u00fcrleri, temsilcileri, denet\u00e7ileri ile ortakl\u0131k veya ortaklar aras\u0131ndaki alacaklar i\u00e7in be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na tabidir.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn11\"><a href=\"#dnr11\">[11]<\/a> <em>Di\u011fdem G\u00d6\u00c7 G\u00dcRB\u00dcZ, <strong>a.g.m. <\/strong>s.476.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\">\u0130lgili mevzuat: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=1163&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1163 say\u0131l\u0131 Kooperatifler Kanunu<\/a> (mevzuat.gov.tr)<\/p>\n<section id=\"sss\" class=\"pm-sss\">\n<h2>Kooperatif Ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n Sorumlulu\u011fu: S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n<details open>\n<summary>Kooperatif, bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 alacakl\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l sorumludur?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>KoopK m. 28&#8217;e g\u00f6re anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede aksine h\u00fck\u00fcm olmad\u0131k\u00e7a kooperatif, alacakl\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yaln\u0131z malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sorumludur. Makaleye g\u00f6re anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede h\u00fck\u00fcm yoksa alacakl\u0131lar ortaklar\u0131n ki\u015fisel malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u015fvuramaz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kooperatif ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu hangi durumda do\u011far?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Kural olarak ortaklar kooperatif bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan sorumlu de\u011fildir. Ortaklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu, anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede Kanun&#8217;daki sorumluluk tiplerinden biri, yani s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z veya s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumluluk kabul edilmi\u015fse s\u00f6z konusu olur; ortak bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kabul etmelidir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sorumlulukta alacakl\u0131lar ortaklara hangi \u015fartlarla ba\u015fvurabilir?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Makaleye g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sorumlulu\u011fun anas\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131, kooperatifin iflas etmesi veya da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu durumda ortaklar zincirleme ve b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131klar\u0131yla sorumludur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Ek \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedir?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>KoopK m. 31&#8217;e g\u00f6re anas\u00f6zle\u015fme ortaklar\u0131 ek \u00f6demelerle y\u00fck\u00fcmlendirebilir; ek \u00f6demeler yaln\u0131z bilan\u00e7o a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kapatmada kullan\u0131labilir. Makaleye g\u00f6re ek \u00f6deme bir sorumluluk t\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fil, kooperatife kar\u015f\u0131 bir y\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00fcr; kooperatifin iflas\u0131nda bunu isteme hakk\u0131 iflas idaresine aittir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kooperatife yeni giren ortak eski bor\u00e7lardan sorumlu olur mu?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>KoopK m. 35&#8217;e g\u00f6re ortaklar\u0131 \u015fahsan sorumlu veya ek \u00f6demelerle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bir kooperatife durumunu bilerek giren ki\u015fi, giri\u015finden \u00f6nce do\u011fmu\u015f bor\u00e7lardan di\u011fer ortaklar gibi sorumludur. Buna ayk\u0131r\u0131 anla\u015fmalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade etmez.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Kooperatiften ayr\u0131lan veya \u00f6len orta\u011f\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu devam eder mi?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>KoopK m. 36&#8217;ya g\u00f6re ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n kesinle\u015fti\u011fi veya \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihinden itibaren bir y\u0131l ya da anas\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki daha uzun s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kooperatif iflas ederse, ortak ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce do\u011fmu\u015f bor\u00e7lar i\u00e7in sorumluluktan kurtulamaz. Makaleye g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00fcm h\u00e2linde bu sorumluluk miras\u00e7\u0131lar y\u00f6n\u00fcndendir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Ortaklar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu sonradan de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir mi?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>De\u011fi\u015fiklik ancak anas\u00f6zle\u015fmenin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Sorumlulu\u011fu azaltan de\u011fi\u015fiklik i\u00e7in fiilen kullan\u0131lan oylar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi; \u015fahsi sorumlulu\u011fun a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ek \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fc getirilmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn ortaklar\u0131n d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn r\u0131zas\u0131 gerekir. Sorumlulu\u011fun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 tescilden \u00f6nce do\u011fmu\u015f bor\u00e7lar\u0131 kapsamaz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"iletisim\" class=\"pm-form-kap\">\n<div class=\"pm-form-sol\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme talebi<\/p>\n<h2>Kooperatif bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan sorumlulu\u011funuzla ilgili bir sorunuz mu var?<\/h2>\n<p>UTU Hukuk Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k olarak icra ve iflas hukuku alan\u0131nda avukatl\u0131k ve dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmeti vermekteyiz.<\/p>\n<p>Formu doldurun, sizi arayal\u0131m. Dilerseniz do\u011frudan da ula\u015fabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-kanal\">\n<li><a href=\"tel:+905365931600\">+90 536 593 16 00<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"mailto:bilgi@utuhukuk.com\">bilgi@utuhukuk.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<form class=\"pm-form\" data-alan=\"\u0130cra ve \u0130flas Hukuku\" novalidate>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-ad\">Ad soyad *<\/label><input id=\"pm-ad\" name=\"ad\" type=\"text\" autocomplete=\"name\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-tel\">Telefon *<\/label><input id=\"pm-tel\" name=\"tel\" type=\"tel\" autocomplete=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-mail\">E-posta<\/label><input id=\"pm-mail\" name=\"mail\" type=\"email\" autocomplete=\"email\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-konu\">K\u0131saca durumunuz<\/label><textarea id=\"pm-konu\" name=\"konu\" rows=\"4\" placeholder=\"\u00d6rne\u011fin: Orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fum kooperatif iflas etti, kooperatif bor\u00e7lar\u0131ndan \u015fahsen sorumlu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyorum.\"><\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-bal\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"pm-web\">Web sitesi<\/label><input id=\"pm-web\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n<p><label class=\"pm-onay\"><input name=\"kvkk\" type=\"checkbox\" required> <span>Ki\u015fisel verilerimin bu talep kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenmesine ve benimle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ilmesine onay veriyorum.<\/span><\/label><br \/>\n<button type=\"submit\">Talep g\u00f6nder<\/button><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-durum\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n<\/form>\n<\/section>\n<footer class=\"pm-imza\">\n<div class=\"pm-imza-logo\" aria-hidden=\"true\">UTU<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"pm-imza-ad\">UTU Hukuk ve Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k<\/p>\n<p>2016&#8217;dan bu yana Ankara&#8217;da i\u015f hukuku ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok alanda avukatl\u0131k ve dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmeti vermektedir. <a href=\"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/icra-iflas-hukuku\/\">\u0130cra ve iflas hukuku \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131m\u0131z \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-uyari\">Bu yaz\u0131 genel bilgilendirme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r, hukuki tavsiye niteli\u011finde de\u011fildir. Somut durumunuz i\u00e7in bir avukata dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I. LIABILITY FOR THE COOPERATIVE\u2019S DEBTS A. LIABILITY OF THE COOPERATIVE Overview Article 28 of the Cooperatives Law provides: \u2018\u2018 Unless the articles of association provide otherwise\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":403,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-icra-iflas-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=182"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":673,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182\/revisions\/673"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/403"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}