{"id":174,"date":"2022-08-16T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-16T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/kanun-yararina-bozma\/"},"modified":"2026-10-02T13:06:06","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T10:06:06","slug":"reversal-in-the-interest-of-the-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/kanun-yararina-bozma\/","title":{"rendered":"Reversal in the Interest of the Law"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pm\" data-utu-pm=\"1\">\n<p class=\"pm-giris\"><strong>The institution of reversal in the interest of the law (kanun yarar\u0131na bozma)<\/strong> applications against decisions of criminal courts deemed contrary to law are governed by &#8216;Article 309 of the Code of Criminal Procedure&#8217;, while applications against decisions of civil courts deemed contrary to law are governed by Article 363 of the Code of Civil Procedure. In this article, we examine the relevant statutory provisions, the place of reversal in the interest of the law among legal remedies, and the application procedure.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pm-ozet\" aria-label=\"In brief\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">In brief<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reversal in the interest of the law is an extraordinary legal remedy governed by Article 309 of the CMK in criminal proceedings and Article 363 of the HMK in civil proceedings.<\/li>\n<li>This remedy is used for unlawfulness in decisions and judgments that have become final without undergoing appellate (istinaf) or cassation review; the unlawfulness may relate to substantive law or procedure.<\/li>\n<li>In criminal proceedings, the Ministry of Justice notifies the request for reversal to the Chief Public Prosecutor's Office of the Court of Cassation (Yarg\u0131tay); the Chief Public Prosecutor's Office submits the request to the relevant criminal chamber of the Court of Cassation.<\/li>\n<li>Under Article 363 of the HMK, reversal in the interest of the law in civil decisions does not eliminate the legal consequences of the decision.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/aside>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Currency note<\/p>\n<p>This article was prepared on the basis of the legislation and practice in force on the date of publication. The provisions governing reversal in the interest of the law and their application may have changed since then. You are advised to consult a lawyer for the current position.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<details class=\"pm-ic\" open>\n<summary>Contents<\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#yasal-dayanak\">Legal basis of reversal in the interest of the law<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#olaganustu-kanun-yolu\">Ordinary and extraordinary legal remedies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#basvuru-usulu\">How is an application made?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sss\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#iletisim\">Consultation request<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n<section id=\"yasal-dayanak\">\n<h2>Legal Basis of Reversal in the Interest of the Law<\/h2>\n<p>Reversal in the interest of the law is regulated in the Code of Criminal Procedure for criminal proceedings and in the Code of Civil Procedure for civil proceedings:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>&#8220;(1) Where the Ministry of Justice learns that a decision or judgment rendered by a judge or court, which has become final without undergoing appeal or appeal on points of law review, is contrary to law, it shall notify the Chief Public Prosecutor&#8217;s Office of the Court of Cassation in writing, stating the legal grounds, of its request that the decision or judgment be reversed by the Court of Cassation.<\/p>\n<p>(2) The Chief Public Prosecutor of the Court of Cassation shall submit a written request, setting out these reasons verbatim and requesting the reversal of the decision or judgment, to the relevant criminal chamber of the Court of Cassation.<\/p>\n<p>(3) If the criminal chamber of the Court of Cassation finds the grounds put forward to be well-founded, it shall reverse the decision or judgment in the interest of the law.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><cite>Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 309<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>&#8220;(1) (Amended: 20\/7\/2017-7035\/33 art.) An appeal on points of law in the interest of the law may be lodged by the Ministry of Justice or the Chief Public Prosecutor&#8217;s Office of the Court of Cassation, on the ground that they are contrary to the law in force, against decisions rendered with finality by first instance courts and their decisions that have become final without undergoing appeal review, and against decisions rendered with finality by the civil chambers of regional courts of appeal acting as first instance courts and decisions rendered by them in that capacity that have become final without undergoing appeal on points of law review.<\/p>\n<p>(2) If the Court of Cassation finds the request for appeal on points of law to be well-founded, the decision shall be reversed in the interest of the law. This reversal does not remove the legal consequences of the decision.<\/p>\n<p>(3) A copy of the reversal decision shall be sent to the Ministry of Justice and shall be published by the Ministry in the Official Gazette.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><cite>Code of Civil Procedure, Article 363<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"pm-ikili\">\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Criminal judgments \u00b7 CCP Art. 309<\/p>\n<p>Where the Ministry of Justice learns that a decision or judgment that became final without undergoing appellate or cassation review is contrary to law, it notifies the request for reversal in writing to the Chief Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office at the Court of Cassation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Civil judgments \u00b7 CCP Art. 363<\/p>\n<p>The Ministry of Justice or the Chief Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office at the Court of Cassation applies for appeal in the interest of the law; reversal does not remove the legal consequences of the decision.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"olaganustu-kanun-yolu\">\n<h2>Ordinary and Extraordinary Legal Remedies<\/h2>\n<p>First of all, it should be noted that legal remedies are divided into two: ordinary legal remedies and extraordinary legal remedies. The ordinary legal remedies are appeal (istinaf) and appeal on points of law (temyiz), while the extraordinary legal remedies are reversal in the interest of the law and retrial. A legal remedy sought against decisions and judgments that have not become final is called \"ordinary\", whereas a legal remedy sought against final decisions and judgments is called an \"extraordinary\" legal remedy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-tablo-baslik\" id=\"tablo-kanun-yollari\">Ordinary and extraordinary legal remedies<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-tablo-kap\">\n<table class=\"pm-tablo\" aria-labelledby=\"tablo-kanun-yollari\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Ordinary legal remedies<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Extraordinary legal remedies<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Types<\/th>\n<td>Appeal and cassation<\/td>\n<td>Reversal in the interest of the law and retrial<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Decision challenged<\/th>\n<td>Non-final decisions and judgments<\/td>\n<td>Final decisions and judgments<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Reversal in the interest of the law<\/strong> falls under the heading of extraordinary legal remedies. As its name suggests, reversal in the interest of the law, being an extraordinary legal remedy, is a route available against a decision that has become final without undergoing appeal or cassation review. The remedy of reversal in the interest of the law, which consists of a request for the reversal of unlawful decisions and judgments, is exercised by the Ministry of Justice applying to the Chief Public Prosecutor's Office of the Court of Cassation.<\/p>\n<p>The unlawfulness in question may be a breach of substantive law or may consist merely of a procedural error. Reversal in the interest of the law may be sought for both kinds of unlawfulness. As we have noted, reversal in the interest of the law is an extraordinary legal remedy against final decisions.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Limitation<\/p>\n<p>During the proceedings conducted after a request for reversal in the interest of the law has been granted, the provisions on the limitation period for prosecution cannot be applied. However, whether the conditions of the limitation period for enforcement of the sentence have been met may be assessed at this stage.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"basvuru-usulu\">\n<h2>How Is an Application for Reversal in the Interest of the Law Made?<\/h2>\n<p>The power to apply for reversal in the interest of the law belongs to the Ministry of Justice. The public prosecutor, the judge, the defendant, the complainant or the intervening party, either themselves or through their lawyers, may request the Ministry of Justice to use the remedy of reversal in the interest of the law against a decision or judgment given during the proceedings.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-cipler\" aria-label=\"Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan talepte bulunabilecekler\">\n<li>Public prosecutor<\/li>\n<li>Hakim<\/li>\n<li>Defendant<\/li>\n<li>Complainant<\/li>\n<li>Intervening party<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For criminal decisions, the process under Art. 309 of the Code of Criminal Procedure consists of the following stages:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"pm-adimlar\">\n<li><strong>Talep<\/strong><span>The persons concerned apply to the Ministry of Justice themselves or through their lawyers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Notification by the Ministry<\/strong><span>The Ministry of Justice notifies the request for reversal, together with its legal grounds, in writing to the Chief Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office at the Court of Cassation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Submission by the Chief Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office<\/strong><span>The Chief Public Prosecutor at the Court of Cassation, setting out the grounds verbatim, submits the request to the relevant criminal chamber of the Court of Cassation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Decision of the Court of Cassation<\/strong><span>If the criminal chamber finds the grounds put forward well-founded, it reverses the decision or judgment in the interest of the law.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In order for such an application to be considered significant and for the Ministry of Justice to take action, the persons concerned mentioned earlier, that is, the applicants, must set out their requests together with their legal basis and, at the same time, draw attention to the unlawfulness involved. At this stage, it will be beneficial to obtain legal assistance rather than applying without sufficient knowledge, in order to avoid any loss of rights.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\">Related page: <a href=\"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/ankara-criminal-defence-lawyer\/\">Serious Crimes Lawyer in Ankara (Assize Court)<\/a> \u2014 investigation, pre-trial detention, assize court trials and legal remedies<\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\">Related legislation: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=5271&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Code of Criminal Procedure No. 5271<\/a> (mevzuat.gov.tr)<\/p>\n<section id=\"sss\" class=\"pm-sss\">\n<h2>Reversal in the Interest of the Law: Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<details open>\n<summary>What is reversal in the interest of the law?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Reversal in the interest of the law is an extraordinary legal remedy used to remedy unlawfulness in decisions and judgments that have become final without undergoing appellate or cassation review. It is regulated in Art. 309 of the CMK for criminal proceedings and in Art. 363 of the HMK for civil proceedings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the difference between ordinary and extraordinary legal remedies?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Appeal (istinaf) and appeal on points of law (temyiz), which are used against decisions and judgments that are not yet final, are ordinary legal remedies. Reversal in the interest of the law and retrial, which are used against final decisions and judgments, are extraordinary legal remedies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How does the reversal in the interest of the law process work in criminal cases?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>CMK m. 309&#8217;a g\u00f6re hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bozma istemini yasal nedenleriyle Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bildirir. Ba\u015fsavc\u0131 bu nedenleri aynen yazarak istemi Yarg\u0131tay\u0131n ilgili ceza dairesine verir; daire nedenleri yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcrse karar veya h\u00fckm\u00fc kanun yarar\u0131na bozar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who may apply to the Ministry of Justice for reversal in the interest of the law?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>According to the article, the public prosecutor, the judge, the defendant, the complainant or the intervening party in the proceedings may, personally or through their lawyers, request the Ministry of Justice to use this remedy. The request must be explained with its legal grounds and by showing the unlawfulness.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the result of reversal in the interest of the law in civil cases?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>HMK m. 363&#8217;e g\u00f6re Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fvurusu Yarg\u0131tayca yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrse karar kanun yarar\u0131na bozulur. Bu bozma karar\u0131n hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaz; bozma karar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fi Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"iletisim\" class=\"pm-form-kap\">\n<div class=\"pm-form-sol\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Consultation request<\/p>\n<h2>Do you have a question about reversal in the interest of the law?<\/h2>\n<p>As UTU Hukuk Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k, we provide legal and advisory services in the field of criminal law.<\/p>\n<p>Fill in the form and we will call you. You can also contact us directly:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-kanal\">\n<li><a href=\"tel:+905365931600\">+90 536 593 16 00<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"mailto:bilgi@utuhukuk.com\">bilgi@utuhukuk.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<form class=\"pm-form\" data-alan=\"Ceza Hukuku\" novalidate action=\"\">\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-ad\">Full name *<\/label><input id=\"pm-ad\" name=\"ad\" type=\"text\" autocomplete=\"name\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-tel\">Phone *<\/label><input id=\"pm-tel\" name=\"tel\" type=\"tel\" autocomplete=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-mail\">Email<\/label><input id=\"pm-mail\" name=\"mail\" type=\"email\" autocomplete=\"email\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-konu\">Your situation in brief<\/label><textarea id=\"pm-konu\" name=\"konu\" rows=\"4\" placeholder=\"\u00d6rne\u011fin: \u0130stinaf veya temyiz incelemesinden ge\u00e7meden kesinle\u015fen bir karar hakk\u0131nda kanun yarar\u0131na bozma talebinde bulunmak istiyorum.\"><\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-bal\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"pm-web\">Website<\/label><input id=\"pm-web\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n<p><label class=\"pm-onay\"><input name=\"kvkk\" type=\"checkbox\" required> <span>I consent to the processing of my personal data for this request and to being contacted.<\/span><\/label><br \/>\n<button type=\"submit\">Send request<\/button><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-durum\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"en\"\/><\/form>\n<\/section>\n<footer class=\"pm-imza\">\n<div class=\"pm-imza-logo\" aria-hidden=\"true\">UTU<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"pm-imza-ad\">UTU Hukuk ve Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k<\/p>\n<p>Since 2016 it has been providing legal and advisory services in Ankara in many areas, labour law in particular. <a href=\"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/criminal-law\/\">Our criminal law practice \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-uyari\">This article is for general information only and does not constitute legal advice. You are advised to consult a lawyer about your specific situation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kanun yarar\u0131na bozma m\u00fcessesesi, ceza mahkemesinin verdi\u011fi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lacak ba\u015fvurular i\u00e7in Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu Madde\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":406,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ceza-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=174"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":801,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174\/revisions\/801"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/406"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=174"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}