{"id":170,"date":"2022-08-16T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-16T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/is-hukukunda-ibraname\/"},"modified":"2026-10-01T14:08:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T14:08:31","slug":"release-agreements-in-employment-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/is-hukukunda-ibraname\/","title":{"rendered":"Release Agreements (\u0130braname) in Labour Law"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pm\" data-utu-pm=\"1\">\n<p class=\"pm-giris\"><strong>\u0130\u015f hukukunda ibraname<\/strong>, i\u015f\u00e7inin dava ve talep haklar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkileyen bir belgedir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131ndaki i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin sona ermesiyle birlikte i\u015fverence tek tarafl\u0131 ya da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak kaleme al\u0131n\u0131p sonradan i\u015f\u00e7inin imzas\u0131na sunulan belge veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f hayat\u0131nda genellikle kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za bu belgeler ibraname olarak gelmektedir. T\u00fcrk Hukuku\u2019nda ilk olarak 01.07.2012 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun ile ibra kurumu yasal dayana\u011fa kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pm-ozet\" aria-label=\"K\u0131saca\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">K\u0131saca<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130braname, bir borcun tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ifa edilmeden ortadan kald\u0131ran bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir; i\u015f hukukunda \u00e7o\u011funlukla i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fvereni bor\u00e7tan kurtarmas\u0131 \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015f hukukunda ibraname, 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmeden \u00f6nce Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131yla \u015fekillenmi\u015f, 01.07.2012 itibar\u0131yla yasal dayana\u011fa kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<li>TBK 420&#8217;ye g\u00f6re ibran\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesinden itibaren en az bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesi ve alaca\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fc ile miktar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesi gerekir.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6demenin hak tutar\u0131na g\u00f6re noksans\u0131z ve banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 da \u015fartt\u0131r; bu unsurlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri veya ibraname kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Hakk\u0131n ger\u00e7ek tutarda \u00f6dendi\u011fini i\u00e7ermeyen ibra belgeleri, i\u00e7erdikleri miktarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak makbuz h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir; makalede kanun koyucunun ifa ile ibray\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/aside>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">G\u00fcncellik notu<\/p>\n<p>Bu yaz\u0131, yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihteki mevzuat ve uygulamaya g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaz\u0131da aktar\u0131lan baz\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131 sonradan y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkan usul kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ve eski para birimine at\u0131f yapmaktad\u0131r; \u00fccretlerin banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6denmesine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler ile ibraname konusundaki i\u00e7tihatlar da yay\u0131mland\u0131ktan sonra de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f olabilir. G\u00fcncel durum i\u00e7in bir avukata dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<details class=\"pm-ic\" open>\n<summary>\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#ibraname-nedir\">\u0130braname nedir, neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ibra-kavrami\">Genel olarak ibra kavram\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#hukuki-nitelik\">\u0130bran\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ibra-cesitleri\">\u0130vazl\u0131, ivazs\u0131z, tam ve k\u0131smi ibra<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#benzer-kurumlar\">\u0130braya benzeyen hukuki kurumlar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#yargitay-uygulamasi\">6098 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun \u00f6ncesi Yarg\u0131tay uygulamas\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tbk-420\">TBK 420 ve ibranamenin ge\u00e7erlilik ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#odeme-makbuz\">Banka ile \u00f6deme, makbuz h\u00fckm\u00fc ve ifa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sonuc\">Sonu\u00e7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kaynakca\">Kaynak\u00e7a ve dipnotlar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sss\">S\u0131k\u00e7a sorulan sorular<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#iletisim\">G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme talebi<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n<section id=\"ibraname-nedir\">\n<h2>\u0130braname Nedir, Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130bran\u0131n as\u0131l ve en \u00f6nemli amac\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7inin dava ve talep hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019ndan \u00f6nce Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 ile \u015fekillenen ibraname, ilgili kanun ile \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 \u015fekil \u015fartlar\u0131na sahip olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Yaz\u0131n\u0131n temel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/p>\n<p>\u015eekil \u015fartlar\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok dikkatimizi \u00e7eken ise; borcun tam olarak \u00f6denmesidir. Borcun tam olarak \u00f6denmesi halinde hukuki i\u015flem olarak ibra de\u011fil, ifa \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Kanun koyucu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifa ile ibra m\u00fcesseselerini birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve ibran\u0131n hukuki anlam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesine sebebiyet vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0130\u015f hukuk alan\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenlemelerin temel amac\u0131, i\u015f verme kudretine sahip ve sermaye sahibi olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc i\u015fveren kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, zay\u0131f olan i\u015f\u00e7inin korunmas\u0131 olarak dile getirebiliriz. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n sosyal devlet ilkesi ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren ili\u015fkisine de devlet yasal mevzuata m\u00fcdahale etmi\u015f ve i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren dengesini sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bahsetti\u011fimiz \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda kurulan i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile ba\u015flay\u0131p, bu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin herhangi bir sebeple ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla taraflar aras\u0131ndaki hukuki ili\u015fkileri tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmaz. Bu durumda aralar\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki yeni hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bir hukuki boyut kazanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren ili\u015fkisinin bitimine m\u00fcteakiben ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Bunun sebebi ise i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece zay\u0131f taraf olan i\u015f\u00e7inin, i\u015fsiz kalma vs. gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Taraflar\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin bitmesi ile de hak etti\u011fi alacaklar\u0131na kavu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde i\u015fverenin yasal yollara muhatap olma endi\u015fesi ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisi sona erdikten sonra i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin taraflar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenledi\u011fi ya da i\u015fverence d\u00fczenlenip i\u015f\u00e7inin imzas\u0131na sunulan belgeler vard\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan bu belgelere uygulamada genellikle ibraname denilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-tanim\"><strong>\u0130braname<\/strong>; bir borcun tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ifa edilmeden ortadan kald\u0131ran bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>\n<p>Bor\u00e7tan kurtarma s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi de denilen ibranamede bor\u00e7lunun a\u00e7\u0131k irade beyan\u0131 da gerekli olmay\u0131p z\u0131mni kabulde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterlidir. \u0130\u015f hukukunda \u00f6zellikle i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fvereni bor\u00e7tan kurtarmas\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan ibranamenin hukuki niteli\u011fi alacakl\u0131 ile bor\u00e7lunun aralar\u0131nda anla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu bir tasarruf i\u015flemi olarak alacakl\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7luyu bor\u00e7tan kurtarmas\u0131yla alakal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin dava ve talep haklar\u0131n\u0131n engelleyen ibraname, hukuken \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 \u015fekil ve ge\u00e7erlilik \u015fartlar\u0131na tabii tutulmu\u015ftur. Ge\u00e7erli olarak h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eden bir ibranameden bahsedebilmemiz i\u00e7in, bug\u00fcne kadar Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131yla geli\u015ftirilen ge\u00e7erlilik ve \u015fekil \u015fartlar\u0131na ek olarak 01\/07\/2012\u2019den itibaren y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu ile getirilen d\u00fczenlemeler ile yasal dayanak kazanan ge\u00e7erlik ve \u015fekil \u015fartlar\u0131ndan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda \u00f6zellikle de i\u015f hukuku alan\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lan ve yarg\u0131 merciine s\u0131kl\u0131kla intikale eden ibranamenin hukuki niteli\u011fini, \u00e7e\u015fitlerini, kendisine benzeyen m\u00fcesseseleri, uzunca bir s\u00fcre geli\u015ftirilen Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 6098 sK. \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015f hukukunda ibranamenin yerini ve yeni d\u00fczenlemelerin hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"ibra-kavrami\">\n<h2>Genel Olarak \u0130bra Kavram\u0131<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pm-tanim\">Bor\u00e7lu ile alacakl\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve alacakl\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7luyu borcundan kurtarmas\u0131na <strong>ibra<\/strong> denilmektedir.<a href=\"#dn1\" id=\"dnr1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Alacakl\u0131, alaca\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015famadan bor\u00e7luyu borcundan kurtararak borcu ortadan kald\u0131rabilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi \u00f6deme y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bir anla\u015fma olmay\u0131p, borcu sona erdirme \u015fekillerinden biridir.<a href=\"#dn2\" id=\"dnr2\">[2]<\/a> \u0130bra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi 01\/07\/2012 tarihinden \u00f6nce ne m\u00fclga 818 say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nda ne de i\u015f mevzuat\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti. \u0130branamenin tan\u0131m\u0131, hukuki niteli\u011fi, ge\u00e7erlilik ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 ile belirlenen esaslara g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmekteydi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk hukukuna ilk defa 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu ile girmi\u015f olan ibraname an\u0131lan kanunun 132\u2019nci ve 420\u2019nci maddeleri ile yasal dayana\u011fa oturmu\u015ftur. TBK\u2019n\u0131n 132\u2019nci maddesine g\u00f6re \u201cBorcu do\u011furan i\u015flem kanunen veya taraflarca belli bir \u015fekle ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulmu\u015f olsa bile bor\u00e7, taraflar\u0131n \u015fekle ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yapacaklar\u0131 ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle tamamen veya k\u0131smen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilir.\u201d ibran\u0131n borcu sona erdirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<a href=\"#dn3\" id=\"dnr3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>6098 sK. y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmeden \u00f6nce ibraya ili\u015fkin yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7ok ihtilaf kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktayd\u0131. T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun d\u00fczenlenmesinden \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde yasal dayana\u011fa sahip olmayan ibranamenin; miktar i\u00e7eren ibranamenin makbuz niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131<a href=\"#dn4\" id=\"dnr4\">[4]<\/a>, davac\u0131n\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131<a href=\"#dn5\" id=\"dnr5\">[5]<\/a>, ibranamenin fesihten sonra d\u00fczenlenmesi<a href=\"#dn6\" id=\"dnr6\">[6]<\/a>, ihbar ve k\u0131dem tazminatlar\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak \u00f6denmesi ve ba\u015fkaca bu konularda ba\u015fka alaca\u011f\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtilmesi<a href=\"#dn7\" id=\"dnr7\">[7]<\/a> hususlar\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekilmekteydi.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-liste\">\n<li>Miktar i\u00e7eren ibranamenin makbuz niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Davac\u0131n\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u0130branamenin fesihten sonra d\u00fczenlenmesi<\/li>\n<li>\u0130hbar ve k\u0131dem tazminatlar\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak \u00f6denmesi ve ba\u015fka alaca\u011f\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtilmesi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>01\/07\/2012 tarihinden \u00f6nce 818 say\u0131l\u0131 BK d\u00f6neminde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ortadan kalkmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce d\u00fczenlenen ibranameler hem Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131nda hem de i\u015f hukuku \u00f6\u011fretisinde ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde de i\u015fe girerken ya da i\u015fin devam\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen ibranamelerin hi\u00e7bir hukuki boyutu yoktu.<a href=\"#dn8\" id=\"dnr8\">[8]<\/a> Somut i\u015f hayat\u0131nda ibranamelerin zay\u0131f olan i\u015f\u00e7i aleyhine sak\u0131ncalar\u0131 da bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bunlardan biri az \u00f6nce zikretti\u011fimiz; i\u015f\u00e7ilerden i\u015fin devam\u0131n\u0131n zorunlulu\u011fuymu\u015f gibi bask\u0131 yoluyla i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ba\u015f\u0131nda ya da i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi devam ederken al\u0131nan ibranamelerdi. Halbuki ibranamenin ruhu \u0130svi\u00e7re Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nda d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi gibi bununla uyu\u015fmamaktayd\u0131. As\u0131l olan i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin bitimine m\u00fcteakiben bask\u0131dan kurtulan i\u015f\u00e7inin h\u00fcr iradesiyle vermi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 kabuld\u00fcr.<a href=\"#dn9\" id=\"dnr9\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0130bra m\u00fcnferit borcu sona erdiren bir hukuki kurumdur. Aksine ibra bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisini sona erdirmemektedir. \u0130bra ile bor\u00e7 kendili\u011finden sona ermemektedir. Taraflar aralar\u0131nda bu borcu sona erdirilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fka i\u015flemler de yapmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Sona erecek olan borcun alacakl\u0131s\u0131 ve bor\u00e7lusunun borcun sona ermesi hakk\u0131ndaki hukuki i\u015flem yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>\n<p>6098 say\u0131l\u0131 TBK\u2019dan \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde ibraname, i\u015f\u00e7inin k\u0131dem, ihbar, \u00fccret ve di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6dendi\u011fi hususunu ispata yarayan arg\u00fcmanlardan biri olan ve yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir metin olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn10\" id=\"dnr10\">[10]<\/a> Yarg\u0131tay bu tip s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri genellikle ibraname olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olsa da asl\u0131nda bu tip belgeler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da inceleyece\u011fimiz \u00fczere bazen makbuz, menfi bor\u00e7 ikrar\u0131, alaca\u011f\u0131 talep etmeme taahh\u00fcd\u00fc ve sulh niteli\u011finde de kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir.<a href=\"#dn11\" id=\"dnr11\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"hukuki-nitelik\">\n<h2>\u0130bran\u0131n Hukuki Niteli\u011fi<\/h2>\n<p>Metinde ibran\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u015fu tespitler \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-liste\">\n<li><strong>S\u00f6zle\u015fme:<\/strong> Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131na ve \u00f6\u011fretideki bask\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re s\u00f6zle\u015fme niteli\u011finde bir hukuki i\u015flemdir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tasarruf i\u015flemi:<\/strong> Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131 olan alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmas\u0131 ya da azaltmas\u0131 nedeniyle tasarruf i\u015flemi olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flem:<\/strong> Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda azalma, bor\u00e7lunun malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011falma vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sebebe ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015flem:<\/strong> Bize g\u00f6re ibra sebebe ba\u011fl\u0131 hukuki i\u015flemlerdendir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>S\u00f6zle\u015fme niteli\u011fi ve taraflar\u0131n iradesi<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c7o\u011fu zaman alacakl\u0131 taraf\u0131n yani i\u015f\u00e7inin imzas\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bir belge olarak uygulamada kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan ibra, Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131na ve \u00f6\u011fretideki bask\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re s\u00f6zle\u015fme niteli\u011finde bir hukuki i\u015flemdir. Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131nda alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alacak hakk\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mesini ve bu durumda bor\u00e7lunun yani i\u015fverenin borcundan kurtulmas\u0131n\u0131 sebep olan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme olarak nitelemektedir. Bu i\u00e7tihatlar ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler nedeniyle ibra, \u00f6ncelikle her iki taraf\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak anla\u015fmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn12\" id=\"dnr12\">[12]<\/a> \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin imzas\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ibranameden bahsedebilmek Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak bor\u00e7lu olan i\u015fverenin imzas\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 i\u015fverenin s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin taraf\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Tabii ki her ne kadar ibra m\u00fcessesi bor\u00e7lu i\u015fveren lehine g\u00f6z\u00fckse de sadece alacakl\u0131 taraf olan i\u015f\u00e7inin onay\u0131yla ge\u00e7erli hale gelemeyecektir. \u0130\u015fveren ibray\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fi takdirde bu ibra hi\u00e7bir hukuki de\u011fer ifade etmeyecek ve bor\u00e7lunun borcu devam edecektir. Alacak hakk\u0131ndan tek tarafl\u0131 olarak alacakl\u0131n\u0131n vazge\u00e7mesi gibi bir durum s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Ancak bor\u00e7lu taraf a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kabul etmese de z\u0131mni olarak izin veya icazet verebilir. Uygulama da s\u00f6z konusu ibraya i\u015fverenin dayanmas\u0131, mahkemeye sunmas\u0131 vb. durumlarda z\u0131mni olarak kabul etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<a href=\"#dn13\" id=\"dnr13\">[13]<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Tasarruf i\u015flemi olarak ibra<\/h3>\n<p>Bor\u00e7lar hukukunda hukuki i\u015flemler i\u00e7erisinde yer alan tasarruf i\u015flemleri, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 etkilere g\u00f6re hukuki i\u015flemler ayr\u0131m\u0131nda bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flemlerle birlikte de\u011ferlendirilip; malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aktifinde yer alan hakk\u0131 do\u011frudan do\u011fruya etkileyerek sona erdiren veya de\u011fi\u015ftiren i\u015flemler olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130bra da alacakl\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131 olan alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmas\u0131 ya da azaltmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6\u011fretide ve doktrinde tasarruf i\u015flemi olarak ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn14\" id=\"dnr14\">[14]<\/a> Alacakl\u0131 ibra sonucu olarak malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aktifinde bulunan hakk\u0131n\u0131 ibra sonucu olarak terk ederek tasarrufta bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131na g\u00f6re de ibran\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ana kadar do\u011fmu\u015f olan haklar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran ve ibrada bulunan taraf\u0131 ba\u011flayan bir tasarruf i\u015flemi oldu\u011funu kabul etmektedir.<a href=\"#dn15\" id=\"dnr15\">[15]<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve sebebe ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015flem olarak ibra<\/h3>\n<p>Kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flem; hukuki i\u015flemlerden do\u011fan bor\u00e7lar\u0131n nedenleri aras\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ve bir ki\u015finin bir ki\u015fi yarar\u0131na bir malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011feri sa\u011flamas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilmi\u015ftir.<a href=\"#dn16\" id=\"dnr16\">[16]<\/a> \u0130brada da alacakl\u0131 olan i\u015f\u00e7inin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir azalma, bor\u00e7lu olan i\u015fverenin malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise \u00e7o\u011falma vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fveren a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011falma pasif malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki azalmad\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 ibra kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir hukuki i\u015flemdir.<a href=\"#dn17\" id=\"dnr17\">[17]<\/a> Her kazand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flemin \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan, ibrada da bir hukuki sebep olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sebep kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama, ifa sebebi ya da iktisap olabilir. \u0130brada bu hukuki sebep birine dayanmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi belirli bir borcu sona erdiren bir hukuki i\u015flem olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndand\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn18\" id=\"dnr18\">[18]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bor\u00e7lar hukukuna g\u00f6re hukuki i\u015flemler; sebebe ba\u011fl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re sebebe ba\u011fl\u0131 hukuki i\u015flemler ya da sebebe ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan hukuki i\u015flemler olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fer kazand\u0131rman\u0131n hukuki sebebi, hukuki i\u015flemin kurucu bir unsuru olan ya da onun i\u00e7eri\u011finde yer alan hukuki i\u015flemler sebebe ba\u011fl\u0131 hukuki i\u015flemlerdir. Bu t\u00fcr hukuki i\u015flemlerde, hukuki sebep hukuki i\u015flemin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olur ve hukuki sebep olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da hukuken ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011fu durumlarda ona ba\u011fl\u0131 olan as\u0131l hukuki i\u015flemde ge\u00e7ersiz olacakt\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn19\" id=\"dnr19\">[19]<\/a> T\u00fcrk hukukunda hukuki i\u015flemler genellikle bir sebebe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130bra da taraflar\u0131n bir sebep \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde anla\u015farak ve bu sebebe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hukuken ge\u00e7erli olarak kurulmaktad\u0131r. Bu sebepten dolay\u0131 her ne kadar baz\u0131 yazarlara<a href=\"#dn20\" id=\"dnr20\">[20]<\/a> g\u00f6re sebebe ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunulsa da bize g\u00f6re ibra sebebe ba\u011fl\u0131 hukuki i\u015flemlerdendir.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"ibra-cesitleri\">\n<h2>\u0130vazl\u0131, \u0130vazs\u0131z, Tam ve K\u0131smi \u0130bra<\/h2>\n<h3>T\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re ibra<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130bra t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r: \u0130vazl\u0131 ve ivazs\u0131z ibra.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-ikili\">\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">\u0130vazl\u0131 ibra<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin bedel veya bir eda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde buna ivazl\u0131 ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi denilmektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">\u0130vazs\u0131z ibra<\/p>\n<p>\u0130vazs\u0131z ibra kurumu ise alacakl\u0131 taraf herhangi bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k beklemeden alaca\u011f\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mekte, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bir eda olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yap\u0131lan ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesidir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Borcun tamam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesi ya da tamam\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak \u015fekilde bir eda da bulunulmas\u0131 halinde bu i\u015flem ibra olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r. Bu durumda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za ibra de\u011fil, ifa \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa verilen bu ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ifa yerine ge\u00e7ecektir.<a href=\"#dn21\" id=\"dnr21\">[21]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nda(HMK) d\u00fczenlenen feragat ile ivazs\u0131z ibray\u0131 birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamak gerekmektedir. Feragat bir hakk\u0131n talep ve dava edilebilirli\u011fini etkileyen ve borcu sona erdiren bir hukuki i\u015flem de\u011fildir.<a href=\"#dn22\" id=\"dnr22\">[22]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0130vazl\u0131 ibrada ivaz para veya paradan ba\u015fka menfaatte olabilir. \u0130vazs\u0131z ibra ise feragat ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamak \u00fczere ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu kabul edilebilir. Bahsetti\u011fimiz hususlar do\u011frultusunda burada g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmam\u0131z gereken noktalar; ivazl\u0131 ibra da s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraflar\u0131n\u0131n her ikisinin de ehliyet sahibi olmas\u0131 gerekmekte, ivazs\u0131z ibra da ise alacakl\u0131 taraf\u0131n ehliyet sahibi olmas\u0131 yeterli olacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bor\u00e7lar genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama niteli\u011finde olan ivazs\u0131z ibran\u0131n da yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<a href=\"#dn23\" id=\"dnr23\">[23]<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-tablo-baslik\" id=\"tablo-ivaz\">\u0130vazl\u0131 ve ivazs\u0131z ibra kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-tablo-kap\">\n<table class=\"pm-tablo\" aria-labelledby=\"tablo-ivaz\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\"><\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">\u0130vazl\u0131 ibra<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">\u0130vazs\u0131z ibra<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k<\/th>\n<td>Bedel veya bir eda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; ivaz para veya paradan ba\u015fka menfaat olabilir<\/td>\n<td>Herhangi bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k beklemeden, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bir eda olmaks\u0131z\u0131n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Niteli\u011fi<\/th>\n<td>Borcun tamam\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan edada ibra de\u011fil, ifa s\u00f6z konusu olur<\/td>\n<td>Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu kabul edilebilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Ehliyet<\/th>\n<td>S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraflar\u0131n\u0131n her ikisinin de ehliyet sahibi olmas\u0131 gerekir<\/td>\n<td>Alacakl\u0131 taraf\u0131n ehliyet sahibi olmas\u0131 yeterlidir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u015eekil<\/th>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>Yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re ibra<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130bra kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re ise tam ve k\u0131smi ibra olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-ikili\">\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">K\u0131smi ibra<\/p>\n<p>K\u0131smi ibra alacakl\u0131 taraf alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131ndan ivazl\u0131 ya da ivazs\u0131z olarak vazge\u00e7mesidir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Tam ibra<\/p>\n<p>Borcun tamam\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilip bor\u00e7luyu t\u00fcm borcundan kurtarmas\u0131 halinde ise tam ibradan s\u00f6z edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Tam ibra halinde tasarrufi bir i\u015flem meydana gelmektedir. \u0130bran\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu durumlarda alacakl\u0131 illaki bor\u00e7luyu borcun tamam\u0131ndan kurtaracak diye bir durum yoktur. Bu husus alacakl\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesine dayan\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anla\u015fmaya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn24\" id=\"dnr24\">[24]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"benzer-kurumlar\">\n<h2>\u0130braya Benzeyen Hukuki Kurumlar<\/h2>\n<p>Alacakl\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle de i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mesi do\u011furan ve birbirinden farkl\u0131 isimlerde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan hukuki i\u015flemler hukuki nitelik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kale s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, konkordato, sulh s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, menfi bor\u00e7 ikrar\u0131, alaca\u011f\u0131 talep etmeme taahh\u00fcd\u00fc gibi m\u00fcesseseler ibraya benzerlik g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-cipler\" aria-label=\"\u0130braya benzeyen kurumlar\">\n<li>\u0130kale s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/li>\n<li>Konkordato<\/li>\n<li>Sulh s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/li>\n<li>Menfi bor\u00e7 ikrar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Alaca\u011f\u0131 talep etmeme taahh\u00fcd\u00fc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0130kale s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130bra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile en \u00e7ok benzerlik g\u00f6steren ve kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ikale s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile; taraflar\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinin sona ermesi konusunda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve sona eren bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisini yeni bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile aralar\u0131ndaki bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisini tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmalar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur.<a href=\"#dn25\" id=\"dnr25\">[25]<\/a> \u0130bra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile sadece m\u00fcnferit bor\u00e7lar ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, ikale s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi tamamen ve k\u0131smen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn26\" id=\"dnr26\">[26]<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Konkordato<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130cra iflas hukukunda d\u00fczenlenen konkordato kurumu; alacakl\u0131ya bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demek konusunda zorluk i\u00e7inde olan bor\u00e7lunun alacakl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ilgili yasada belirtilen oranda kabul etmeleri ve yine ilgili yasa da belirtilen yetkili makam taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmak \u00fczere ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve bu yetkili makam onay\u0131ndan sonra bor\u00e7lu alacakl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 olan bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131ndan kurtulur. Bor\u00e7lu bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131ndan kurtulman\u0131n yan\u0131nda bu m\u00fcessese sebebiyle zaman da kazanm\u0131\u015f olur. Mahkeme i\u00e7i ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak yap\u0131labilen konkordato; mahkeme d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir.<a href=\"#dn27\" id=\"dnr27\">[27]<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Sulh s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun tam iki tarafl\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabii olan sulh s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile taraflar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 menfaatlerinden \u00f6d\u00fcnlerde bulunarak aralar\u0131nda olan hukuki ili\u015fki \u00fczerindeki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa ya da anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa son verilmesi s\u00f6z konusudur. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcnler verilmesi gerekti\u011finden bir tarafa bir bor\u00e7 y\u00fcklemiyorsa sulh s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi de\u011fil; ibra, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama, bor\u00e7 ikrar\u0131 veya bir haktan feragat s\u00f6z konusu olur.<\/p>\n<p>Sulh s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile ibran\u0131n temel fark\u0131, ibra da vazge\u00e7ilen bor\u00e7 m\u00fcnferit yani belirlidir. Sulh s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde ise gerekli olan \u015f\u00fcphe ki\u015fiseldir. Di\u011fer bir fark ise sulh s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin konusunun ibraya g\u00f6re \u00e7ok geni\u015f olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Sulhun konusu bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k olabilece\u011fi gibi bir belirsizli\u011fin giderilmesi de olabilir. Bu durumda sulhun her zaman borcu sona erdirmek gibi amac\u0131 yoktur. Sulh tespit niteli\u011finde olabilece\u011fi gibi, yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmler do\u011furabilir ya da hukuki ili\u015fkiyi de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir hatta bu ili\u015fkiyi kald\u0131rabilir. Ayr\u0131ca ibra da oldu\u011fu her zaman tasarruf i\u015flemi i\u00e7ermesi gerekmektedir.<a href=\"#dn28\" id=\"dnr28\">[28]<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Menfi bor\u00e7 ikrar\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>Menfi bor\u00e7 ikrar\u0131 ile s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraflar\u0131 bir alacak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmektedirler. Menfi bor\u00e7 ikrar\u0131nda taraflar aras\u0131nda ku\u015fkulu ya da \u00e7eki\u015fmeli bir veya daha fazla alaca\u011f\u0131n sona erdirilmesi s\u00f6z konusu iken ibra da taraflar\u0131n m\u00fcnferit olan yani \u015f\u00fcphe etmedi\u011fi, kesin bir alaca\u011f\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 durumu vard\u0131r. Menfi bor\u00e7 ikrar\u0131n\u0131n ibradan fark\u0131 ise menfi bor\u00e7 ikrar\u0131nda bir bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinin veya bir borcun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ait irade beyanlar\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn29\" id=\"dnr29\">[29]<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Alaca\u011f\u0131 talep etmeme taahh\u00fcd\u00fc<\/h3>\n<p>Alacakl\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131ndan veya tamam\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7meyip, bor\u00e7luyu borcundan kurtarmay\u0131p sadece bunu takip etmekten de vazge\u00e7ebilir. Alacakl\u0131 bor\u00e7luya kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir taahh\u00fctte bulundu\u011fu takdirde bu taahh\u00fct ile bor\u00e7 ortadan kalkmamakta ayr\u0131ca as\u0131l borca ba\u011fl\u0131 yan haklar ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. \u0130brada oldu\u011fu alaca\u011f\u0131 talep etmeme taahh\u00fcd\u00fcnde de bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r ancak hukuki durum ibradan tamamen ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn30\" id=\"dnr30\">[30]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Alacakl\u0131 ibra ile bor\u00e7tan vazge\u00e7mi\u015f olur ve bor\u00e7 sona erer. Alaca\u011f\u0131 talep etmeme taahh\u00fcd\u00fc ise ibradan farkl\u0131 olarak tasarruf i\u015flemi olmay\u0131p borcu sona erdirmez, sadece alacakl\u0131 tarafa olumsuz bir edim y\u00fckler. Bu durum hakim taraf\u0131ndan da ibrada oldu\u011fu gibi re\u2019sen g\u00f6zetilecek bir husus de\u011fildir. Alaca\u011f\u0131 talep etmeme taahh\u00fcd\u00fc bor\u00e7lunun borcunu ortadan kald\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bor\u00e7luya sadece bir def\u2019i hakk\u0131 vermektedir. Ancak taraflar aras\u0131nda bulunan ibra ile sona eren bor\u00e7 nedeniyle hakim bunu re\u2019sen g\u00f6zetmelidir ve bu durum bor\u00e7lu taraf i\u00e7in itiraz hakk\u0131 tan\u0131maktad\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn31\" id=\"dnr31\">[31]<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-tablo-baslik\" id=\"tablo-benzer\">\u0130bra ile benzer kurumlar aras\u0131ndaki temel farklar<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-tablo-kap\">\n<table class=\"pm-tablo\" aria-labelledby=\"tablo-benzer\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Kurum<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">\u0130bradan temel fark\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0130kale s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/td>\n<td>\u0130bra ile sadece m\u00fcnferit bor\u00e7lar ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; ikale ile bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Konkordato<\/td>\n<td>\u0130cra iflas hukukunda d\u00fczenlenir ve yetkili makam onay\u0131 gerekir; mahkeme d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sulh s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/td>\n<td>Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcnler gerekir; sulhun her zaman borcu sona erdirmek gibi amac\u0131 yoktur.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Menfi bor\u00e7 ikrar\u0131<\/td>\n<td>Ku\u015fkulu ya da \u00e7eki\u015fmeli alacaklar s\u00f6z konusudur; ibrada ise \u015f\u00fcphe edilmeyen, kesin bir alacak ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Alaca\u011f\u0131 talep etmeme taahh\u00fcd\u00fc<\/td>\n<td>Tasarruf i\u015flemi de\u011fildir, borcu sona erdirmez; bor\u00e7luya sadece bir def\u2019i hakk\u0131 verir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"yargitay-uygulamasi\">\n<h2>6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun \u00d6ncesi Yarg\u0131tay Uygulamas\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Alacakl\u0131 ile bor\u00e7lu aras\u0131ndaki borcu kesin olarak sona erdiren ibra kurumu \u0130svi\u00e7re Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 115\u2019inci maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k T\u00fcrk hukukunda ne i\u015f mevzuat\u0131nda ne de 818 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunda d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015ftir.<a href=\"#dn32\" id=\"dnr32\">[32]<\/a> 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nda da ibra m\u00fcessesesinin tan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmay\u0131p, unsurlar\u0131 belirtilmemi\u015ftir. Bahsetti\u011fimiz durumdan dolay\u0131 da i\u015f hukukunda ibra Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 ile tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olup bu do\u011frultuda \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle belirtmek gerekir ki i\u015f hukukunda \u201cibra\u201d ve \u201cferagat\u201d ya da \u201cibraname\u201d ile \u201cferagatname\u201d aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k dile getirilmemi\u015f bu iki kurum birbirinin ayn\u0131s\u0131 gibi ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cYarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi Kararlar\u0131nda ibra ve feragat \u00e7o\u011funlukla birlikte ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, ibranamede ayr\u0131ca \u201cferagat\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015f olunmas\u0131 halinde bu durum ibranamenin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini kuvvetlendiren bir hal olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.\u201d<a href=\"#dn33\" id=\"dnr33\">[33]<\/a> \u015feklinde karar\u0131 mevcuttur. Ancak, ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi alacakl\u0131 olan i\u015f\u00e7i ile bor\u00e7lu olan i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 imzalar\u0131n olmas\u0131 gerekirken; feragat da ise kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa kabul\u00fcne ya da kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na gerek olmayan tek tarafl\u0131 bir tasarruf i\u015flemidir.<a href=\"#dn34\" id=\"dnr34\">[34]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 yerle\u015fen duruma g\u00f6re ibran\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlar\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"pm-sirali\">\n<li>\u0130\u015f ili\u015fkisi devam ederken yap\u0131lan ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lmaz.<\/li>\n<li>Miktar i\u00e7eren ve i\u00e7ermeyen ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 incelenir.<\/li>\n<li>Savunma ile di\u011fer kay\u0131tlar\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fen ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015fe iade m\u00fcessesini engelleyen ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/li>\n<li>Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bor\u00e7lar ibra ile sona erdirilemez.<\/li>\n<li>Miktar i\u00e7eren ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri makbuz niteli\u011finde kabul edilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0130\u015f ili\u015fkisi devam ederken yap\u0131lan ibra<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130bra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi i\u015f ili\u015fkisi devam ederken yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7tihatlara g\u00f6re \u0130\u015f ili\u015fkisinin devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrede i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fverene tamamen ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir konumdad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131na en k\u0131sa zamanda kavu\u015fmak veya i\u015f g\u00fcvencesine ra\u011fmen i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini imzalamaya y\u00f6nelmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<a href=\"#dn35\" id=\"dnr35\">[35]<\/a> \u0130bra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin tarih i\u00e7ermemesi ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin i\u00e7eri\u011finden de i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin bitiminden sonra d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi tam olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ge\u00e7erli bir ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden bahsedilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<a href=\"#dn36\" id=\"dnr36\">[36]<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Miktar i\u00e7eren ve i\u00e7ermeyen ibranameler<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130\u015fveren ile i\u015f\u00e7i aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen s\u00f6zle\u015fmede ibra miktar\u0131 veya \u00f6deme \u015feklinin belirtilmemi\u015f olabilir. Miktar i\u00e7ermeyen ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde ge\u00e7erlilik sorunu miktar i\u00e7eren bira s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine k\u0131yasen daha detayl\u0131 incelenmeli; \u00f6zellikle irade fesad\u0131 hallerinin denetimi yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler aranmal\u0131d\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn37\" id=\"dnr37\">[37]<\/a> Miktar i\u00e7eren ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin i\u015f ili\u015fkisi devam ederken yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ge\u00e7ersiz olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi ayn\u0131 durum miktar belirtilmeyen ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n<p>Yarg\u0131tay 9 .Hukuk Dairesi\u2019ne g\u00f6re \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i bu d\u00f6nemde tamamen i\u015fverene ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 durumdad\u0131r ve i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ra\u011fmen i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak ya da bir k\u0131s\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131na bir an \u00f6nce kavu\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi imzalamaya y\u00f6nelmi\u015f say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r \u2026\u201d denilmektedir. \u0130bra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin miktar\u0131 belirtilmedi\u011fi durumlarda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi ge\u00e7erli sayan Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme bu durumda; irade fesad\u0131 hallerinin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f ili\u015fkisi devam ederken yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da bu konularda \u00e7eli\u015fkiler olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131ca incelenmesi gerekti\u011fi kanaatindedir.<a href=\"#dn38\" id=\"dnr38\">[38]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Hukuk Genel Kurulu; \u00f6deme belgelerinin bulundu\u011fu bir ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde, \u00f6deme belgesindeki miktar\u0131n ibraname niteli\u011finde saymam\u0131\u015f makbuz h\u00fckm\u00fcnde de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. Bunun yan\u0131nda miktar belirtilmeyen ve herhangi bir alaca\u011f\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kay\u0131tlar ibraname h\u00fckm\u00fcnde olacakt\u0131r:\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>\u201c\u2026Dosyada bulunan \u00f6deme belgesinden, miktarlar\u0131 belirtilerek k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 ve izin \u00fccreti \u00f6demesinde bulunuldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. An\u0131lan bu iki kalem alacak y\u00f6n\u00fcnden d\u00fczenlenen ibranamenin makbuz h\u00fckm\u00fcnde bulunmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, bakiye alaca\u011f\u0131n istenebilece\u011fi kabul edilmelidir. \u2026Alt\u0131ndaki imzas\u0131 kabul edilen, zor ve hile ile al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tlanamayan ibranamede davac\u0131, &#8220;&#8221;i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f tarihine kadar do\u011fmu\u015f ve i\u015flenmi\u015f c\u00fcmle k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131, fazla mesai, hafta tatili, bayram tatili, y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin haklar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen alm\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011funu&#8221;&#8221; bildirmektedir. \u0130braname ile davac\u0131, \u00f6deme belgesi bulunmayan ( k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 ve izin \u00fccreti d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ) alacak kalemleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden daval\u0131y\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla ibra etmi\u015f ve herhangi bir alaca\u011f\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ihtiraz\u0131 kay\u0131t \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmeden a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f ve imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u2026 somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta ibranamenin \u00e7eli\u015fkili bulundu\u011fundan da s\u00f6z edilemez. \u2026 An\u0131lan nedenlerle, ibranameye itibar edilerek fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve bayram, genel tatil \u00fccretleri ile an\u0131lan isteklerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck y\u00fczde be\u015f fazlas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6deme isteklerinin reddine karar vermek gerekirken, \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><cite>Yarg\u0131tay HGK 29.03.2006 Tarih, 2006\/9-82 E. 2006\/118 K. <a href=\"#dn39\" id=\"dnr39\">[39]<\/a><\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Savunma ile \u00e7eli\u015fen ibraname<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130\u015fverenin vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu savunma ile di\u011fer kay\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00e7eli\u015fmesi durumunda ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131lacakt\u0131r. YHGK karar\u0131na g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>\u201c\u2026\u0130bran\u0131n, alacak ve borcu do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ve kesin olarak ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkisi, imzas\u0131 kabul edilen, zor ve hile ile al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilip, kan\u0131tlanamayan, somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zellikleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fmeyen ibranameler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7erlidir. Davac\u0131, belirtilen tarihler aras\u0131nda daval\u0131ya ait i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olup, i\u015f akdinin 31.01.2002 tarihinde i\u015fverence feshedilmesi \u00fczerine ibraname imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. An\u0131lan ibranamede; fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fccreti, k\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminat\u0131 gibi i\u015f\u00e7ilik hak ve alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n tamamen \u00f6dendi\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, dosyaya sunulan 05.02.2002 tarihli \u00f6deme belgesinde fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fccretine yer verilmeyip, sadece k\u0131dem, ihbar tazminat\u0131 ile izin \u00fccretinin davac\u0131ya \u00f6denmi\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, daval\u0131 i\u015fveren, davac\u0131n\u0131n fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u00fccret alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015f ise de, ibranamede fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fccretinin de \u00f6dendi\u011fine dair beyana yer verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; ibraname ile savunma aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fki meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Savunma ile \u00e7eli\u015fkili ibranameye de\u011fer izafe edilemez. Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 19.09.2007 g\u00fcn ve 2007\/9-645-596 say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131nda da bu hususlara yer verilmi\u015ftir. Belirtilen nedenlerle, an\u0131lan alacak kalemi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ibranamenin ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki yerel mahkemenin direnme gerek\u00e7esi yerindedir\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p><cite>YHGK karar\u0131 <a href=\"#dn40\" id=\"dnr40\">[40]<\/a><\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>ibranamede yer alan fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fccretinin \u00f6deme belgesinde yer almamas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca i\u015fveren vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu savunmada fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6dendi\u011fini belirtti\u011finden, ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile savunma aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fki bulundu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin hukuki ge\u00e7erlili\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0130\u015fe iade hakk\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen ibra<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130\u015f kanununda yer alan i\u015fe iade m\u00fcessesini engelleyen ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ge\u00e7ersizdir. \u0130\u015fe iade davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan i\u015fyerinde Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>\u201c\u2026 \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvencesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin olup, s\u00f6z konusu h\u00fck\u00fcmler kapsam\u0131nda i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran i\u015flemlere de\u011fer verilemez. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla, i\u015fe iade davas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceden feragat m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00d6te yandan, ibraname borcun tam ya da k\u0131smen ifa edilmeden sona ermesini sa\u011flayan bir hukuki i\u015flemdir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131 konusunda ibraname imzalam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131na engel de\u011fildir. Kald\u0131 ki, somut olayda davac\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i dava haklar\u0131n\u0131n sakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ihtirazi kayd\u0131 ile ibranameyi imzalam\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><cite>Yarg\u0131tay 9. HD 03.06.2008 Tarih, 2007\/37496 E. 2008\/13783 K. <a href=\"#dn41\" id=\"dnr41\">[41]<\/a><\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u015eeklinde karar vermi\u015ftir. Ancak Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme; i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, devam ederken ya da temyiz a\u015famas\u0131nda iken i\u015fe iade davas\u0131ndan feragati uygun g\u00f6rmektedir:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>\u201c \u201c\u2026 Feragat HUMK.nun 95.maddesi uyar\u0131nca davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131ran usul\u00fc bir i\u015flemdir. Karar kesinle\u015finceye kadar davadan feragat edilebilir. Feragat eden vekilin vekaletnamesinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a davadan feragat yetkisinin oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Feragat nedeni ile davan\u0131n reddi gerekmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><cite>Yarg\u0131tay 9. HD.25.12.2006 Tarih, 2006\/27096 E. 2006\/3363 K. <a href=\"#dn42\" id=\"dnr42\">[42]<\/a><\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bor\u00e7lar<\/h3>\n<p>Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olan bor\u00e7lar ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile sona erdirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. As\u0131l olarak ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z olan bir bor\u00e7 sona erdirilmektedir. Bundan dolay\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7inin hak kazanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir alacak ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin konusu olamayacakt\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn43\" id=\"dnr43\">[43]<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Miktar i\u00e7eren ibran\u0131n makbuz niteli\u011fi<\/h3>\n<p>Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme\u2019nin maddi ve manevi tazminat d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki i\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin miktar i\u00e7ermesi durumunda bu t\u00fcr ibralar\u0131 makbuz niteli\u011finde kabul etmektedir:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>\u201c\u201c\u2026 Davac\u0131, k\u0131dem, ihbar tazminat\u0131 ile y\u0131ll\u0131k izin \u00fccretinin \u00f6detilmesine karar verilmesini istemi\u015ftir. Yerel mahkeme, iste\u011fi k\u0131smen h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u2026. Dairemizin kararl\u0131l\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015f uygulamas\u0131n g\u00f6re, k\u0131dem, ihbar tazminat\u0131 ve di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7ilik haklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak, bu alacaklar tek tek a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilmek suretiyle d\u00fczenlenen ve aksi kan\u0131tlanmayan ibranameler ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dosyada mevcut, 11.6.2003 tarihli ibranamede, davac\u0131 ihbar ve k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 olarak belirlenen tutar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fkaca bir belge, bilgi kan\u0131t\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde bu ibranameye g\u00f6re k\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminat\u0131 isteklerinin reddi gerekirse de; mahkemenin de kabul\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, daval\u0131n\u0131n B\u00f6lge \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma M\u00fcfetti\u015finin tefti\u015fi s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki kabul\u00fcne g\u00f6re davac\u0131ya bu alacaklar i\u00e7in \u00f6denen miktar 700.000.000 TL\u2019dir. Daval\u0131n\u0131n bu kabul\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, an\u0131lan ibranamenin makbuz niteli\u011finde kabul\u00fc ile bu miktar\u0131n davac\u0131n\u0131n alacaklar\u0131ndan mahsubu ile bakiye miktar\u0131n tahsiline karar verilmelidir. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde k\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminat\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 hatal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><cite>Yarg\u0131tay 9. HD 11 .11.2004 Tarih 2004\/9972 E. 2004\/25680 K. <a href=\"#dn44\" id=\"dnr44\">[44]<\/a><\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Bakiye alaca\u011f\u0131n talep edilmesi<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130bra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde miktar olarak belirtilen k\u0131s\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan bakiye alacak fark\u0131n\u0131n sonras\u0131nda talep edilip edilemeyece\u011fi hususu Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme\u2019nin kararlar\u0131nda mevcuttur:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>\u201cTaraflar aras\u0131ndaki &#8220;i\u015f\u00e7i alaca\u011f\u0131&#8221; davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda; Ankara 3. \u0130\u015f Mahkemesince davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne dair verilen 13.02.2007 g\u00fcn ve 2006\/623 E.-2007\/123 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n incelenmesi daval\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan istenilmesi \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay 9.Hukuk Dairesinin 13.12.2007 g\u00fcn ve 2007\/9241 E., 2007\/37924 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ile; ( &#8230; 1.Dosyadaki yaz\u0131lara, toplanan delillerle karar\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanuni gerektirici sebeplere g\u00f6re, daval\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bendin kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan temyiz itirazlar\u0131 yerinde de\u011fildir. 2. Davac\u0131 hizmet akdinin fesih tarihi olan 12.11.2004 tarihinde imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ibraname ile a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6dendi\u011fini, bu nedenle talepte bulunmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc dava hakk\u0131ndan feragat etti\u011fini ihtirazi kay\u0131ts\u0131z olarak beyan etmi\u015ftir. Vaki ibraname ve feragat nedeniyle an\u0131lan y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n reddi yerine kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi hatal\u0131d\u0131r&#8230; ), gerek\u00e7esiyle bozularak dosya yerine geri \u00e7evrilmekle, yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda, mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir. Hukuk Genel Kurulunca incelenerek direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresinde temyiz edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve dosyadaki ka\u011f\u0131tlar okunduktan sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc: KARAR : Taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iddia ve savunmalar\u0131na, dosyadaki tutanak ve kan\u0131tlara, bozma karar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanan gerektirici nedenlere ve \u00f6zellikle Hukuk Genel Kurulu&#8217;nun 06.04.1994 g\u00fcn 1993\/9-958 E.-1994\/199 K., 04.04.2001 g\u00fcn ve 2001\/9-321 E-2001\/325 K, 29.03.2006 g\u00fcn ve 2006\/9-82 E.-2006\/118 K., 04.10.2006 g\u00fcn 2006\/9-582 E.-2006\/625 K. say\u0131l\u0131 ilamlar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 ilkenin kabul edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, Hukuk Genel Kurulu&#8217;nca da benimsenen \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmak gerekirken, \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><cite>Yarg\u0131tay HGK 22.10.2008 Tarih 2008\/9-639 E. 2008\/653 K. <a href=\"#dn45\" id=\"dnr45\">[45]<\/a><\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"tbk-420\">\n<h2>TBK 420 ve \u0130branamenin Ge\u00e7erlilik Ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/h2>\n<h3>Genel olarak ibraname<\/h3>\n<p>6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019ndan \u00f6nce ibran\u0131n ge\u00e7erlilik ko\u015fullar\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 ile belirlenmekteydi. \u00d6zellikle \u0130\u015f Hukukunun i\u015f\u00e7iyi koruyucu amac\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak hukukun genel ilkelerine uygun i\u00e7tihatlar \u00fcretmekte idi. Yeni T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7 Kanunu\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenen ge\u00e7erlilik k\u0131staslar\u0131 da Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 ile neredeyse tamamen \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir. 01.07.2012 tarihinden itibaren Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 yerini yasal ge\u00e7erlilik \u015fartlar\u0131na b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn46\" id=\"dnr46\">[46]<\/a> \u0130lgili kanunun 420. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Yeni d\u00fczenleme ile i\u015f mevzuat\u0131ndaki kanunlara g\u00f6re genel nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 5953 say\u0131l\u0131 Bas\u0131n \u0130\u015f Kanunu, 854 say\u0131l\u0131 Deniz \u0130\u015f Kanunu, 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunun i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabii olan t\u00fcm ki\u015filere uygulanacakt\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015fverenlerden alacaklar\u0131na dair ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine emredici h\u00fck\u00fcm olan TBK\u2019n\u0131n 420\u2019nci maddesi uygulanacakt\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn47\" id=\"dnr47\">[47]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nda \u201cCeza Ko\u015fulu ve \u0130bra\u201d 420\u2019nci maddesi:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>\u201cHizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine sadece i\u015f\u00e7i aleyhine konulan ceza ko\u015fulu ge\u00e7ersizdir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverenden alaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131, ibra tarihi itibar\u0131yla s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesinden ba\u015flayarak en az bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f bulunmas\u0131, ibra konusu alaca\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve miktar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesi, \u00f6demenin hak tutar\u0131na nazaran noksans\u0131z ve banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu unsurlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri veya ibraname kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Hakk\u0131n ger\u00e7ek tutarda \u00f6dendi\u011fini ihtiva etmeyen ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri veya ibra beyan\u0131n\u0131 muhtevi di\u011fer \u00f6deme belgeleri, i\u00e7erdikleri miktarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak makbuz h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Bu h\u00e2lde dahi, \u00f6demelerin banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kra h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, destekten yoksun kalanlar ile i\u015f\u00e7inin di\u011fer yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n isteyebilecekleri d\u00e2hil, hizmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan b\u00fct\u00fcn tazminat alacaklar\u0131na da uygulan\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><cite>6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu, m. 420<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>\u0130branamenin ge\u00e7erlilik ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 420\u2019nci maddesine g\u00f6re i\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131yla ilgili ibranamenin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fine dair ge\u00e7erlilik \u015fartlar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve bu \u015fartlardan herhangi birinin eksikli\u011fi halinde ibraname ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn48\" id=\"dnr48\">[48]<\/a> Bu \u015fartlar\u0131 belirtmek gerekirse; ibranamenin yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona ermesinden sonra yap\u0131lan ibranameden itibaren en az bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesi, ibra miktar\u0131n\u0131n ve alaca\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesi, \u00f6demenin banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile noksans\u0131z olarak \u00f6denmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"pm-adimlar\">\n<li><strong>Yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekil<\/strong><span>\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverenden alaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>En az bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre<\/strong><span>\u0130bra tarihi itibar\u0131yla s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesinden ba\u015flayarak en az bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f bulunmas\u0131.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00fcr ve miktar<\/strong><span>\u0130bra konusu alaca\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve miktar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Noksans\u0131z ve banka ile \u00f6deme<\/strong><span>\u00d6demenin hak tutar\u0131na nazaran noksans\u0131z ve banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0130branamenin d\u00fczenleme zaman\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 420\u2019nci maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re ibranamenin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201c\u2026ibra tarihi itibar\u0131yla s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesinden ba\u015flayarak en az bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mi\u015f bulunmas\u0131\u2026\u201d gerekmektedir.<a href=\"#dn49\" id=\"dnr49\">[49]<\/a> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren aras\u0131ndaki i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin bitiminden itibaren haz\u0131rlanan ibranamenin, borcu sonu erdiren bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme olarak nitelendirilmesi hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u0130lgili h\u00fck\u00fcm ile ama\u00e7lanan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bitmesine m\u00fcteakiben i\u015f\u00e7inin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyip acele karar vermesini engellemektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i hayat\u0131n ola\u011fan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde i\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131na bir an \u00f6nce kavu\u015fmak i\u00e7in ibranamenin \u00fczerinde fazla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden imzalamaktad\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn50\" id=\"dnr50\">[50]<\/a> Bundan dolay\u0131 doktrinde farkl\u0131 yorumlar da olsa bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn isabetli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteyiz.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin fesih tarihinden itibaren bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre dahilinde yap\u0131lan ibranamelerin d\u00fczenlenmesi yasaklanmaktad\u0131r. Buradan ibranameyi d\u00fczenlemenin sadece bahse konu olan bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 gibi bir anlam \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Bu d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131l\u0131rken ibra yasa\u011f\u0131 koymak yerine ibran\u0131n yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 tarihi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmek olabilirdi.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-ikili\">\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Feshe ba\u011fl\u0131 alacaklar<\/p>\n<p>Y\u0131ll\u0131k izin \u00fccreti, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden kalan bakiye \u00fccret alaca\u011f\u0131, k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131, ihbar tazminat\u0131 gibi feshe ba\u011fl\u0131 alacaklar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u00f6zle\u015fme devam ederken ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiz ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Feshe ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan alacaklar<\/p>\n<p>Ancak ikramiye, prim, fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hafta tatili \u00fccreti, genel tatil \u00fccreti gibi feshe ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan alacaklar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan herhangi bir d\u00fczenleme mevcut de\u011fildir. Bundan dolay\u0131 bahsedilen durum yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 ile d\u00fczenlenecektir.<a href=\"#dn51\" id=\"dnr51\">[51]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u0130branamenin \u015fekli ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 420\u2019nci maddesinde ibranamenin \u015fekli ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re \u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverenden alaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131\u2026ibra konusu alaca\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve miktar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesi\u2026\u015fartt\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverenden alaca\u011f\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 takdirde bu alaca\u011f\u0131 ibra etmesi yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmekteyse de, i\u015fveren taraf\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan alaca\u011f\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 halinde bu alacak ibra edilmesi gerekti\u011fi zaman ibran\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek yoktur.<a href=\"#dn52\" id=\"dnr52\">[52]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Kanunda ayr\u0131ca bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ibran\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi i\u00e7in adi yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekil yeterlidir. Noter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da \u00f6zel bir \u015fekle tabii de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Noter huzurunda ibra<\/p>\n<p>Ancak noter huzurunda yap\u0131lan ibra s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu takdirde d\u00fczenleme tarihi ile ilgili anla\u015fmazl\u0131klarla ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin i\u015f ili\u015fkisi ba\u015flamadan veya devam ederken al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar ortadan kalkacakt\u0131r<a href=\"#dn53\" id=\"dnr53\">[53]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0130branamenin yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, ibra konusu alaca\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve miktar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesi gerekmektedir. Aksi takdirde ibranamenin ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fi s\u00f6z konusu olacakt\u0131r. Bu durumdan dolay\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen miktarlar\u0131n hangi alacak kalemlerine ait ise a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilerek; k\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminatlar\u0131, \u00fccret, ek \u00fccretler, y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin alaca\u011f\u0131 gibi kalemler tek tek g\u00f6sterilerek d\u00fczenlenmelidir.<a href=\"#dn54\" id=\"dnr54\">[54]<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-cipler\" aria-label=\"\u0130branamede tek tek g\u00f6sterilmesi gereken kalemler\">\n<li>K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u0130hbar tazminat\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00dccret<\/li>\n<li>Ek \u00fccretler<\/li>\n<li>Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin alaca\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"odeme-makbuz\">\n<h2>Banka ile \u00d6deme, Makbuz H\u00fckm\u00fc ve \u0130fa<\/h2>\n<h3>\u00d6demenin noksans\u0131z ve banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yap\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130branamenin ge\u00e7erlilik \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 420\u2018nci maddesinin 2\u2019nci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201c \u2026\u00f6demenin hak tutar\u0131na nazaran noksans\u0131z ve banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r\u2026\u201d \u00f6deme \u015fekli d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130branamenin ruhuyla ba\u011fda\u015fmayacak \u015feklide kaleme al\u0131nan bu madde ile ibraname ancak i\u015f\u00e7inin alacaklar\u0131 noksans\u0131z ve banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00f6denmesinden sonra d\u00fczenlenebilecektir. Bu d\u00fczenleme ile i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda bulunan i\u015f ili\u015fkisinde i\u015f\u00e7i lehine do\u011fmu\u015f olan alacak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ibra ile bu borcun sona ermesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>Kanun koyucu ilgili maddede ifa ve ibra kurumunu birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverenden alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tamamen \u00f6demesi halinde burada ibradan de\u011fil, tam olarak ifan bahsetmemiz gerekmektedir. \u0130fa ile sona ermi\u015f olan bir bor\u00e7 tekrar ibra ile canland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p tekrar sona erdirilemez. Esasen ibraname TBK\u2019nin 132\u2019nci maddesine genel olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla borcu tamamen ya da k\u0131smen ortadan kald\u0131ran bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. Bu durumda ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi borcu sona erdirmeyip, borcun sona erdi\u011fini ispatlayan bir m\u00fcessese olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn55\" id=\"dnr55\">[55]<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-ikili\">\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">\u0130bra<\/p>\n<p>\u0130braname; bir borcun tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ifa edilmeden ortadan kald\u0131ran bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">\u0130fa<\/p>\n<p>Borcun tam olarak \u00f6denmesi halinde hukuki i\u015flem olarak ibra de\u011fil, ifa \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. \u0130fa ile sona ermi\u015f olan bir bor\u00e7 tekrar ibra ile canland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p tekrar sona erdirilemez.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00d6demenin bankalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nda yer alan ve \u00fccretin i\u015fyerinde ya da \u015fahsa \u00f6zel a\u00e7\u0131lan banka hesab\u0131na \u00f6denece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren h\u00fckm\u00fcyle 1.1.2009 tarihinde mevzuata dahil olan \u201c\u00dccret, Prim, \u0130kramiye ve Bu Nitelikteki Her T\u00fcrl\u00fc \u0130stihkak, Bankalar Arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00d6denmesine Dair Y\u00f6netmelik<a href=\"#dn56\" id=\"dnr56\">[56]<\/a>\u201d ile ba\u011fda\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar bu d\u00fczenleme ile en az 10 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fveren i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olsa da ibranamenin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi ko\u015fulu olarak say\u0131lan banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00f6deme herhangi bir i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 ile k\u0131s\u0131tlama yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 i\u015f yerinde ne kadar i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fs\u0131n ibraname \u00f6demenin banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<a href=\"#dn57\" id=\"dnr57\">[57]<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Makbuz h\u00fckm\u00fcndeki \u00f6demeler<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 420\u2019nci maddesinin 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cHakk\u0131n ger\u00e7ek tutarda \u00f6dendi\u011fini ihtiva etmeyen ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri veya ibra beyan\u0131n\u0131 muhtevi di\u011fer \u00f6deme belgeleri, i\u00e7erdikleri miktarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak makbuz h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Bu h\u00e2lde dahi, \u00f6demelerin banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 zorunludur.\u201d demek suretiyle ifa ve tam ibra olarak nitelendirilmeyen \u00f6demeler ibraname olarak nitelendirilmeyerek makbuz niteli\u011finde olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-tanim\"><strong>Makbuz<\/strong> ise bor\u00e7lunun iste\u011fi \u00fczerine alacakl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan verilmesi zorunlu olan, alacakl\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bor\u00e7ludan tahsil etti\u011fini ispatlayan bir belgedir.<\/p>\n<p>Makbuz i\u00e7eri\u011finde yer alan \u00f6deme miktar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan bakiye alacak miktar\u0131 alacakl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan talep edilebilecekse de ibran\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fi bu y\u00f6nde olmay\u0131p, borcu ortadan kald\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ancak yine yasada s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde uygulanan ibra m\u00fcessesinde yap\u0131lan bu \u00f6deme banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde makbuz niteli\u011fine de haiz olmayacakt\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn58\" id=\"dnr58\">[58]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Miktar i\u00e7eren ibranameler makbuz kabul edilmi\u015fse de ibranamenin iptali i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcre d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015ftir. \u0130branamenin makbuz say\u0131lmas\u0131, 6098 sK.\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden \u00f6nce Yarg\u0131tay miktar i\u00e7eren ibranamelere de ge\u00e7erlilik tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve ibran\u0131n borcu sona erdiren niteli\u011fini \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu verilen kararlar dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015f hukukunun temel ilkelerinden i\u015f\u00e7i lehine dar yorum ilkesi k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f ve daralt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. YHGK\u2019n\u0131n 21.10.2009 tarihli 2009\/396 E. ve 2009\/441 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile fesihten sonra d\u00fczenlenen ve alacak kalemlerinin tek tek say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ibranamede, irade fesad\u0131 halleri ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp ispatlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ibra iradesinin ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lmal\u0131 oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015fse de; i\u00e7tihat d\u00fczeni ile \u015fekillenen ibra kurumunda miktar\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi ibranamelerin makbuz niteli\u011finde kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<a href=\"#dn59\" id=\"dnr59\">[59]<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-ikili\">\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Pratik kontrol listesi \u00b7 D\u00fczenlerken<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-tik\">\n<li>\u0130branameyi yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenleyin; adi yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekil yeterlidir.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona ermesinden itibaren en az bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesini bekleyin.<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminat\u0131, \u00fccret, ek \u00fccretler, y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin alaca\u011f\u0131 gibi kalemleri tek tek ve miktar\u0131yla g\u00f6sterin.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6demeyi hak tutar\u0131na nazaran noksans\u0131z ve banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-kart\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Pratik kontrol listesi \u00b7 Dikkat<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-tik\">\n<li>\u0130\u015f ili\u015fkisi devam ederken al\u0131nan ibraname ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/li>\n<li>Bu unsurlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan ibraname kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li>Hakk\u0131n ger\u00e7ek tutarda \u00f6denmedi\u011fi belge ancak i\u00e7erdi\u011fi miktarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak makbuz h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir.<\/li>\n<li>Banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lmayan \u00f6deme makbuz niteli\u011fine de haiz olmaz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"sonuc\">\n<h2>Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130braname, bir alaca\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sacas\u0131 bir hakk\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran bir hukuki m\u00fcessese oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00f6zellikle de uygulamada i\u015fveren ve i\u015f\u00e7i aras\u0131nda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fant\u0131da s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. 1.7.2012 tarihine kadar T\u00fcrk hukukunda ibra yasal bir platforma oturtulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 konu Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmekteydi. Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme i\u015f hukukunun temel ilkelerinden olan i\u015f\u00e7iyi koruyucu niteli\u011finden hareketle; uzun y\u0131llardan beri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara, hukukun genel ilkeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesindeki geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi yorumlar\u0131yla, ibra m\u00fcessesinin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, niteli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izmi\u015ftir. 1.7.2012 tarihinden itibaren ise ibra kurumu yap\u0131lan yeni d\u00fczenlemeler ile mevzuatta yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu ile yasal zemine oturan ibraname i\u00e7in ilgili yasayla birlikte yasal ge\u00e7erlilik \u015fartlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n yasayla \u00e7eli\u015fmeyen t\u00fcm i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 yerini korumakla birlikte yasa da yer alan baz\u0131 eksiklikler yine i\u015f hukukunun kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ve i\u015f\u00e7iyi koruyucu nitelikteki ilkelerinden hareketle yasal \u015fartlara i\u00e7tihatlar ile birlikte yenileri eklenebilecektir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zellikle belirtmek gerekir ki kanun koyucunun ibra ve ifa kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 sebebiyle i\u015f hukukunda 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun ile ibra m\u00fcessesi anlam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kanunun ilgili maddesine g\u00f6re alacak miktar\u0131 tam olarak \u00f6denmedi\u011fi takdirde taraflar aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fme ibra olarak say\u0131lmay\u0131p sadece belge niteli\u011finde makbuz olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Zaten alacak miktar\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak \u00f6denmesi durumunda ise bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi ifa yoluyla sona erecektir. Sona eren bir borcun ise ibra edilmesi gibi bir durum s\u00f6z konusu olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">\u0130\u015fverenin alaca\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm bu bahsedilenler i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fvereni ibra etmesi ile alakal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fverenin, i\u015f\u00e7isinden alaca\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde ibra etmesinde herhangi bir engel yoktur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"kaynakca\">\n<h2>Kaynak\u00e7a ve Dipnotlar<\/h2>\n<h3>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"pm-liste\">\n<li><em><strong>RE\u0130SO\u011eLU<\/strong>, Safa: Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku, \u0130stanbul, 2008.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>AKTAY<\/strong>, Nizamettin: \u0130\u015f Hukuku, Ankara, 2007.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>\u00c7\u0130L<\/strong>, \u015eahin: \u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi , \u0130stanbul, 2006.(\u0130braname)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>\u00c7\u0130L<\/strong>, \u015eahin: 6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu H\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde \u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin Ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, S\u0130C\u0130L \u0130\u015f Hukuku Dergisi, S.21, 2011.(\u0130bran\u0131n Ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>\u00c7\u0130L<\/strong>, \u015eahin: \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile \u0130kale S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvencesine Etkileri, S\u0130C\u0130L \u0130\u015f Hukuku Dergisi, S.7, 2007.(\u0130bra ve \u0130kale)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>\u00c7\u0130L<\/strong>, \u015eahin: \u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, KAMU-\u0130\u015e, C. 7, S. 3, 2004. (\u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>\u00c7OPURO\u011eLU<\/strong>, \u00c7a\u011fla: \u0130\u015fveren A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Tarihe Kar\u0131\u015fan \u0130braname ve Yarg\u0131tay Uygulamalar\u0131, \u00c7ankaya University Journal of Law, , Ankara,2012.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>EREN<\/strong>, Fikret: Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, \u0130stanbul, 2010.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>ERMAN<\/strong>, \u00c7i\u011fdem: Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131 I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2002.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>\u0130ZM\u0130RL\u0130O\u011eLU<\/strong>, Ay\u00e7a: 6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna G\u00f6re \u0130braname, Prof. Dr. Ayd\u0131n Zevkliler\u2019e Arma\u011fan, Ya\u015far \u00dcniversitesi Elektronik Dergisi, C. 8, \u00d6zel Say\u0131, \u0130zmir, 2013.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>KILI\u00c7O\u011eLU<\/strong>, Ahmet. M: Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, Ankara, 2012.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>MOLLAMAHMUTO\u011eLU<\/strong>, Hamdi: \u0130\u015f Hukuku, 3. Bask\u0131, Ankara, 2008.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>O\u011eUZMAN, <\/strong>M. Kemal<strong> \/ \u00d6Z,<\/strong> M.Turgut<strong>: <\/strong>Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, \u0130stanbul\u20132005,<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>\u00d6Z<\/strong>; Tu\u011fba: T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130braname Uygulamalar\u0131, Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>S\u00dcZEK<\/strong>, Sarper: \u0130\u015f Hukuku, \u0130stanbul, 2015.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>\u015eEN<\/strong>, Murat: 6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019na G\u00f6re \u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, LEGES \u00d6zel Hukuk Dergisi, C.1, S.1, 2013.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>TANDO\u011eAN, <\/strong>Haluk: La Nullit\u00e9, L\u2019annulation et la resiliation partielles des contrats, Geneve 1952.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>TURANBOY<\/strong>, K. Nuri<strong>: <\/strong>\u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, Ankara, 1998.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>UYGUR<\/strong>, Turgut: Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu, C. 2, Ankara, 1990.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>YILMAZ<\/strong>, Halil: \u0130\u015f Hukukundan Kaynaklanan Tazminat Alacaklar\u0131nda \u0130bra, \u00c7imento \u0130\u015fveren, 2010.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>UYAP Mevzuat \u0130\u00e7tihat Program\u0131<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.kazanci.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.kazanci.com<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Dipnotlar<\/h3>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn1\"><a href=\"#dnr1\">[1]<\/a> <em>RE\u0130SO\u011eLU, Safa: Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku, \u0130stanbul, 2008, s. 360<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn2\"><a href=\"#dnr2\">[2]<\/a> <em>\u0130ZM\u0130RL\u0130O\u011eLU, Ay\u00e7a: 6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna G\u00f6re \u0130braname, s. 3<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn3\"><a href=\"#dnr3\">[3]<\/a> <em>S\u00dcZEK, Sarper: \u0130\u015f Hukuku, \u0130stanbul, 2015, s. 797<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn4\"><a href=\"#dnr4\">[4]<\/a> <em>Bkz. YHGK\u2019nun 27.4. 1983 T., 1980\/3055 E.,1983\/427 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, UYAP Mevzuat \u0130\u00e7tihat Program\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn5\"><a href=\"#dnr5\">[5]<\/a> <em>Bkz. YHGK\u2019nun 08.03.2006 T. 2006\/9-20 E., 2006\/52 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, UYAP Mevzuat \u0130\u00e7tihat Program\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn6\"><a href=\"#dnr6\">[6]<\/a> <em>Bkz. Yarg\u0131tay 9. HD\u2019nin 09.11.2005 T. 2005\/4540 E., 2005\/35429 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, UYAP Mevzuat \u0130\u00e7tihat Program\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn7\"><a href=\"#dnr7\">[7]<\/a> <em>Bkz. YGHK\u2019nun 04.10.2006 T. 2006\/9-582 E. 2006\/625 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, UYAP Mevzuat \u0130\u00e7tihat Program\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn8\"><a href=\"#dnr8\">[8]<\/a> <em>AKTAY, Nizamettin: \u0130\u015f Hukuku, Ankara 2007, s. 218.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn9\"><a href=\"#dnr9\">[9]<\/a> <em>S\u00dcZEK, a.g.e., s. 722.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn10\"><a href=\"#dnr10\">[10]<\/a> <em>\u0130ZM\u0130RL\u0130O\u011eLU, a.g.m., s. 4<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn11\"><a href=\"#dnr11\">[11]<\/a> <em>\u00c7\u0130L, \u015eahin: \u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, Kamu-\u0130\u015f, C.7,2004, s. 5<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn12\"><a href=\"#dnr12\">[12]<\/a> <em>YILMAZ, Halil: \u0130\u015f Hukukundan Kaynaklanan Tazminat Alacaklar\u0131nda \u0130bra, \u00c7imento \u0130\u015fveren, 2010, s. 46<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn13\"><a href=\"#dnr13\">[13]<\/a> <em>O\u011eUZMAN, M. Kemal \/ \u00d6Z, M.Turgut: Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, \u0130stanbul, 2005, s. 412<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn14\"><a href=\"#dnr14\">[14]<\/a> <em>MOLLAMAHMUTO\u011eLU, Hamdi: \u0130\u015f Hukuku, 3. Bask\u0131, Ankara, 2008, s. 846<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn15\"><a href=\"#dnr15\">[15]<\/a> <em>Yarg\u0131tay 9. H.D. 06\/07\/1967 tarihli ve E: 1967\/7072, K: 1967\/6175 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, www.kazanc\u0131.com<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn16\"><a href=\"#dnr16\">[16]<\/a> <em>EREN, Fikret ; Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, \u0130stanbul, 2010, s.167<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn17\"><a href=\"#dnr17\">[17]<\/a> <em>\u00d6Z; Tu\u011fba: T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130braname Uygulamalar\u0131, Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, \u0130stanbul, 2006,s.16<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn18\"><a href=\"#dnr18\">[18]<\/a> <em>TURANBOY, K. Nuri: \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, Ankara, 1998, s.105<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn19\"><a href=\"#dnr19\">[19]<\/a> <em>KILI\u00c7O\u011eLU, Ahmet. M: Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, Ankara, 2005, s.35<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn20\"><a href=\"#dnr20\">[20]<\/a> <em>Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. ERMAN, \u00c7i\u011fdem: Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131 I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2002, s. 11<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn21\"><a href=\"#dnr21\">[21]<\/a> <em>\u00c7\u0130L, \u015eahin: \u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi , \u0130stanbul, 2006,\u0130braname, s.7<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn22\"><a href=\"#dnr22\">[22]<\/a> <em>\u0130bid, s.7<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn23\"><a href=\"#dnr23\">[23]<\/a> <em>EREN, a.g.e., s. 1260<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn24\"><a href=\"#dnr24\">[24]<\/a> <em>KILI\u00c7O\u011eLU, a.g.e., s. 821<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn25\"><a href=\"#dnr25\">[25]<\/a> <em>TURANBOY, a.g.m, s.35<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn26\"><a href=\"#dnr26\">[26]<\/a> <em>\u0130bid, s. 38<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn27\"><a href=\"#dnr27\">[27]<\/a> <em>\u00c7\u0130L, \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, s. 135<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn28\"><a href=\"#dnr28\">[28]<\/a> <em>TANDO\u011eAN, Haluk: La Nullit\u00e9, L\u2019annulation et la resiliation partielles des contrats, Geneve 1952, s.14-15<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn29\"><a href=\"#dnr29\">[29]<\/a> <em>\u00c7\u0130L, \u015eahin: \u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, KAMU-\u0130\u015e, C. 7, S. 3, 2004, S\u00f6zle\u015fme, s. 134<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn30\"><a href=\"#dnr30\">[30]<\/a> <em>O\u011eUZMAN\/\u00d6Z, a.g.e., s. 577<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn31\"><a href=\"#dnr31\">[31]<\/a> <em>TURANBOY, a.g.m., s.34<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn32\"><a href=\"#dnr32\">[32]<\/a> <em>UYGUR, Turgut: Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu, C. 2, Ankara, 1990, s.517<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn33\"><a href=\"#dnr33\">[33]<\/a> <em>Yarg\u0131tay, H.G.K. 24.11.1999 g\u00fcn, 1999\/9-968 E. \u2013 1999\/983 K. (www.kazanc\u0131.com.tr)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn34\"><a href=\"#dnr34\">[34]<\/a> <em>TURANBOY, a.g.e., s.35<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn35\"><a href=\"#dnr35\">[35]<\/a> <em>Yarg\u0131tay 9.HD. 15.10.2010 g\u00fcn, 2008\/41165 E, 2010\/29240 K. (www.kazanc\u0131.com.tr)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn36\"><a href=\"#dnr36\">[36]<\/a> <em>Yarg\u0131tay 9.HD. 5.11.2010 g\u00fcn, 2008\/37441 E, 2010\/31943 K. (www.kazanc\u0131.com.tr)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn37\"><a href=\"#dnr37\">[37]<\/a> <em>Yarg\u0131tay 9. HD 25.01.2010 Tarih, 2009\/21161 E. 2010\/1029 K. (www.kazanci.com.tr)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn38\"><a href=\"#dnr38\">[38]<\/a> <em>Yarg\u0131tay 9. HD. 29.12.2003 Tarih 2003\/10704 E. 2003\/23415 K. (www.kazanci.com.tr)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn39\"><a href=\"#dnr39\">[39]<\/a> <em>Yarg\u0131tay HGK 29.03.2006 Tarih, 2006\/9-82 E. 2006\/118 K. (www.kazanci.com.tr)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn40\"><a href=\"#dnr40\">[40]<\/a> <em>19 Yarg\u0131tay HGK 29.03.2006 Tarih, 2006\/9-82 E. 2006\/118 K. (www.kazanci.com.tr)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn41\"><a href=\"#dnr41\">[41]<\/a> <em>Yarg\u0131tay 9. HD 03.06.2008 Tarih, 2007\/37496 E. 2008\/13783 K. (www.kazanci.com.tr)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn42\"><a href=\"#dnr42\">[42]<\/a> <em>Yarg\u0131tay 9. HD.25.12.2006 Tarih, 2006\/27096 E. 2006\/3363 K. (www.kazanci.com.tr)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn43\"><a href=\"#dnr43\">[43]<\/a> <em>Yarg\u0131tay 9. HD. 4. 11. 2010 g\u00fcn 2008\/37372 E, 2010\/31566 K. (www.kazanc\u0131.com.tr)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn44\"><a href=\"#dnr44\">[44]<\/a> <em>Yarg\u0131tay 9. HD 11 .11.2004 Tarih 2004\/9972 E. 2004\/25680 K. (www.kazanci.com.tr)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn45\"><a href=\"#dnr45\">[45]<\/a> <em>Yarg\u0131tay HGK 22.10.2008 Tarih 2008\/9-639 E. 2008\/653 K. (www.kazanci.com.tr)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn46\"><a href=\"#dnr46\">[46]<\/a> <em>\u00c7OPURO\u011eLU, \u00c7a\u011fla: \u0130\u015fveren A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Tarihe Kar\u0131\u015fan \u0130braname ve Yarg\u0131tay Uygulamalar\u0131, \u00c7ankaya University Journal of Law, 2012, Ankara, s. 96<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn47\"><a href=\"#dnr47\">[47]<\/a> <em>\u00c7\u0130L, \u015eahin: 6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu H\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde \u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin Ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, S\u0130C\u0130L \u0130\u015f Hukuku Dergisi, S.21, 2011, s. 81.(\u0130bran\u0131n Ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn48\"><a href=\"#dnr48\">[48]<\/a> <em>\u0130ZM\u0130RL\u0130O\u011eLU, a.g.m., s. 14<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn49\"><a href=\"#dnr49\">[49]<\/a> <em>S\u00dcZEK, a.g.e., s. 797<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn50\"><a href=\"#dnr50\">[50]<\/a> <em>\u0130ZM\u0130RL\u0130O\u011eLU, a.g.m., s. 15<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn51\"><a href=\"#dnr51\">[51]<\/a> <em>\u00c7\u0130L, \u0130bran\u0131n Ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, s. 78<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn52\"><a href=\"#dnr52\">[52]<\/a> <em>S\u00dcZEK, a.g.e., s. 797<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn53\"><a href=\"#dnr53\">[53]<\/a> <em>\u015eEN, Murat: 6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019na G\u00f6re \u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, LEGES \u00d6zel Hukuk Dergisi, C.1, S.1, 2013, s.19<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn54\"><a href=\"#dnr54\">[54]<\/a> <em>\u00c7OPURO\u011eLU, a.g.m., s. 101<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn55\"><a href=\"#dnr55\">[55]<\/a> <em>S\u00dcZEK, a.g.e., s. 798<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn56\"><a href=\"#dnr56\">[56]<\/a> <em>\u00dccret, Prim, \u0130kramiye ve Bu Nitelikteki Her T\u00fcrl\u00fc \u0130stihkak\u0131n Bankalar Arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00d6denmesine Dair Y\u00f6netmelik, RG, 18.11.2008\/27058<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn57\"><a href=\"#dnr57\">[57]<\/a> <em>\u00c7OPURO\u011eLU, a.g.m., 2012, Ankara, s. 104<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn58\"><a href=\"#dnr58\">[58]<\/a> <em>S\u00dcZEK, a.g.e., s. 799<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn59\"><a href=\"#dnr59\">[59]<\/a> <em>\u00c7\u0130L, \u015eahin: \u0130bra S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile \u0130kale S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvencesine Etkileri, S\u0130C\u0130L \u0130\u015f Hukuku Dergisi, S.7, 2007, s.26(\u0130bra ve \u0130kale)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\">\u0130lgili mevzuat: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6098&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu<\/a> (mevzuat.gov.tr)<\/p>\n<section id=\"sss\" class=\"pm-sss\">\n<h2>\u0130\u015f Hukukunda \u0130braname: S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n<details open>\n<summary>\u0130\u015f hukukunda ibraname nedir?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>\u0130braname, bir borcun tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ifa edilmeden ortadan kald\u0131ran bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. \u0130\u015f hukukunda \u00f6zellikle i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fvereni bor\u00e7tan kurtarmas\u0131 \u015feklinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>\u0130branamenin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hangi \u015fartlar aran\u0131r?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>TBK 420. maddeye g\u00f6re ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesinden itibaren en az bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesi, alaca\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fc ve miktar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesi ve \u00f6demenin noksans\u0131z ve banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu unsurlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan ibraname kesin olarak h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi devam ederken imzalanan ibraname ge\u00e7erli midir?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Makalede aktar\u0131lan Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015f ili\u015fkisi devam ederken yap\u0131lan ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lmaz; bu d\u00f6nemde i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverene ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. TBK 420 de ibra tarihi itibar\u0131yla s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesinden ba\u015flayarak en az bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesini arar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>\u00d6deme tam yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa ibraname hangi sonucu do\u011furur?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>TBK 420\/3&#8217;e g\u00f6re hakk\u0131n ger\u00e7ek tutarda \u00f6dendi\u011fini i\u00e7ermeyen ibra s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, i\u00e7erdikleri miktarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak makbuz h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir ve bu h\u00e2lde dahi \u00f6demenin banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur. Makalede, makbuzda yer alan miktar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bakiye alaca\u011f\u0131n talep edilebilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>\u0130branamenin noterde d\u00fczenlenmesi zorunlu mu?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Makalede, kanunda ayr\u0131ca bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan adi yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015feklin yeterli oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. Noter huzurunda yap\u0131lan ibrada ise d\u00fczenleme tarihine ili\u015fkin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n ortadan kalkaca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>\u0130braname imzalayan i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilir mi?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Makalede aktar\u0131lan Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131na g\u00f6re i\u015f g\u00fcvencesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkindir ve i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran i\u015flemlere de\u011fer verilemez. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131 konusunda ibraname imzalanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na engel de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6deme \u015fart\u0131 az i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fyerlerinde de aran\u0131r m\u0131?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Makalede, \u00fccretlerin bankalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6denmesine dair y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin en az 10 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fverenler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu, ancak ibranamenin ge\u00e7erlilik ko\u015fulu olan banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6deme \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"iletisim\" class=\"pm-form-kap\">\n<div class=\"pm-form-sol\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme talebi<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130braname konusunda bir sorunuz mu var?<\/h2>\n<p>UTU Hukuk Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k olarak \u0130\u015f Hukuku alan\u0131nda avukatl\u0131k ve dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmeti vermekteyiz.<\/p>\n<p>Formu doldurun, sizi arayal\u0131m. Dilerseniz do\u011frudan da ula\u015fabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-kanal\">\n<li><a href=\"tel:+905365931600\">+90 536 593 16 00<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"mailto:bilgi@utuhukuk.com\">bilgi@utuhukuk.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<form class=\"pm-form\" data-alan=\"\u0130\u015f Hukuku\" novalidate>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-ad\">Ad soyad *<\/label><input id=\"pm-ad\" name=\"ad\" type=\"text\" autocomplete=\"name\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-tel\">Telefon *<\/label><input id=\"pm-tel\" name=\"tel\" type=\"tel\" autocomplete=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-mail\">E-posta<\/label><input id=\"pm-mail\" name=\"mail\" type=\"email\" autocomplete=\"email\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-konu\">K\u0131saca durumunuz<\/label><textarea id=\"pm-konu\" name=\"konu\" rows=\"4\" placeholder=\"\u00d6rne\u011fin: \u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmem sona erdi, imzalamam istenen ibranamenin ge\u00e7erli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyorum.\"><\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-bal\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"pm-web\">Web sitesi<\/label><input id=\"pm-web\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n<p><label class=\"pm-onay\"><input name=\"kvkk\" type=\"checkbox\" required> <span>Ki\u015fisel verilerimin bu talep kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenmesine ve benimle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ilmesine onay veriyorum.<\/span><\/label><br \/>\n<button type=\"submit\">Talep g\u00f6nder<\/button><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-durum\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n<\/form>\n<\/section>\n<footer class=\"pm-imza\">\n<div class=\"pm-imza-logo\" aria-hidden=\"true\">UTU<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"pm-imza-ad\">UTU Hukuk ve Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k<\/p>\n<p>2016&#8217;dan bu yana Ankara&#8217;da i\u015f hukuku ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok alanda avukatl\u0131k ve dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmeti vermektedir. <a href=\"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/is-hukuku\/\">\u0130\u015f hukuku \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131m\u0131z \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-uyari\">Bu yaz\u0131 genel bilgilendirme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r, hukuki tavsiye niteli\u011finde de\u011fildir. Somut durumunuz i\u00e7in bir avukata dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131ndaki i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin sona ermesiyle birlikte i\u015fverence tek tarafl\u0131 ya da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak kaleme al\u0131n\u0131p sonradan i\u015f\u00e7inin imzas\u0131na\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":408,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-is-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=170"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":677,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170\/revisions\/677"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}