{"id":156,"date":"2022-08-17T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-17T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/genel-islem-sarti-nedir\/"},"modified":"2026-10-01T14:08:17","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T14:08:17","slug":"standard-terms-conditions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/genel-islem-sarti-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"What Are Standard Terms and Conditions?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pm\" data-utu-pm=\"1\">\n<p class=\"pm-giris\"><strong>Genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131<\/strong> 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 20-25 maddeleri aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. TBK 20. maddenin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131nda genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131, unsurlar\u0131 ve uygulama alan\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerin geli\u015fimini, T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019ndaki tan\u0131m\u0131 ve unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 ve tan\u0131mdaki kavramlara ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ele al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pm-ozet\" aria-label=\"K\u0131saca\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">K\u0131saca<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 TBK&#8217;n\u0131n 20-25. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir; d\u00fczenleyenin \u00e7ok say\u0131da benzer s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kullanmak amac\u0131yla \u00f6nceden, tek ba\u015f\u0131na haz\u0131rlay\u0131p sundu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdir.<\/li>\n<li>Bir genel i\u015flem \u015fart\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edebilmek i\u00e7in tek tarafl\u0131 haz\u0131rlama, \u00e7ok say\u0131da benzer s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kullanma amac\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa sunulma unsurlar\u0131 aran\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ko\u015fullar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme metninde veya ekinde yer almas\u0131, kapsam\u0131, yaz\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u015fekli nitelendirmede \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz; tart\u0131\u015f\u0131larak kabul edildi\u011fine dair kay\u0131t da tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<li>818 say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu d\u00f6neminde \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan denetim, MK m. 2&#8217;deki hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasa\u011f\u0131 ve genel h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/aside>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">G\u00fcncellik notu<\/p>\n<p>Bu yaz\u0131, yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihteki mevzuat ve uygulamaya g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaz\u0131da an\u0131lan t\u00fcketicinin korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanun ile yabanc\u0131 hukuklardaki d\u00fczenlemelerde o tarihten bu yana de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmu\u015f olabilir. G\u00fcncel durum i\u00e7in bir avukata dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<details class=\"pm-ic\" open>\n<summary>\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/summary>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#tbk-oncesi\">6098 say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019ndan \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nem<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tbk-tanim-unsurlar\">TBK\u2019da tan\u0131m ve unsurlar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kavramlar\">Tan\u0131mdaki kavramlar ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#yargisal-denetim\">Yarg\u0131sal denetimin kapsam\u0131<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kaynakca\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sss\">S\u0131k\u00e7a sorulan sorular<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#iletisim\">G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme talebi<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n<section id=\"tbk-oncesi\">\n<h2>6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019ndan \u00d6nceki D\u00f6nem<\/h2>\n<h3>Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 hukukta genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bir taraf\u00e7a t\u00fcm h\u00fck\u00fcmleri istedi\u011fi gibi ve \u00f6zellikle de kendi yarar\u0131na olacak \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve genellikle zay\u0131f konumda olan t\u00fcketicilere dayatt\u0131r\u0131lan s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015fartlar\u0131 olan genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131na; \u00e7o\u011fu hukuk d\u00fczenlerinde m\u00fcdahale edilmesi gerekti\u011fi fikri yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve sonu\u00e7 olarak hukuk sistemlerine genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n denetimine ait h\u00fck\u00fcmler konulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Bu ama\u00e7la baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bireyleri \u00f6zellikle de t\u00fcketicileri g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc taraf m\u00fcte\u015febbise kar\u015f\u0131 genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131ndan korumak amac\u0131yla \u00f6zel yasalar \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Almanya\u2019da Genel \u0130\u015flem \u015eartlar\u0131 Kanunu<a href=\"#dn1\" id=\"dnr1\">[1]<\/a> y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015f, genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n normal bir t\u00fcketici taraf\u0131ndan bile zahmetsizce okunabilmesi, \u015fartlar\u0131n \u00f6nceden konulmas\u0131 halinde ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi olanaklar getirilmi\u015ftir<a href=\"#dn2\" id=\"dnr2\">[2]<\/a>. \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de ise Almanya\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131 \u00f6zel kanunlar ile d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015ftir. Genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7erik denetimi \u0130svi\u00e7re Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nda rekabet hukuku dahilinde kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cHaks\u0131z Rekabete \u0130li\u015fkin Federal Kanun\u2019un\u201d 8. maddesinde \u201cHakkaniyete ayk\u0131r\u0131 genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 haks\u0131z rekabet niteli\u011findedir.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve bu sorun rekabet hukuku \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn3\" id=\"dnr3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>818 say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu d\u00f6neminde denetim<\/h3>\n<p>818 say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunumuz zaman\u0131nda ise genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131 ile alakal\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler yoktu. Genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7erik denetimi Medeni Kanunun (MK.) 2. maddesindeki \u201chakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ilkesi\u201d ya da ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na, ahlaka, adaba, kamu d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmayaca\u011f\u0131na dair genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere(BK. m.19-20) g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Daha sonras\u0131nda her ne kadar t\u00fcketiciler ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olsa da 6.3.2003 tarihli 4822 Kanun ile 4077 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketicin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019da de\u011fi\u015fikler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lgili Kanunun 6. maddesi \u201cSat\u0131c\u0131 veya sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fcketiciyle m\u00fczakere etmeden, tek tarafl\u0131 olarak s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye koydu\u011fu, taraflar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinde, iyi niyet kurall\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fecek bi\u00e7imde, t\u00fcketici aleyhine \u00f6nemli bir dengesizli\u011fe neden olan s\u00f6zle\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131 haks\u0131z \u015fartt\u0131r. Taraflardan birini t\u00fcketicinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u00f6zle\u015fmede yer alan haks\u0131z \u015fartlar t\u00fcketici i\u00e7in ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir.\u201d \u015feklinde kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<a href=\"#dn4\" id=\"dnr4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"tbk-tanim-unsurlar\">\n<h2>TBK\u2019da Genel \u0130\u015flem \u015eart\u0131n\u0131n Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve Unsurlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 20-25 maddeleri aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. TBK 20. maddenin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131nda genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131, unsurlar\u0131 ve uygulama alan\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pm-kanun\">\n<p>Yasa metni \u201c Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131, bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131l\u0131rken d\u00fczenleyenin, ileride \u00e7ok say\u0131daki benzer s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kullanmak amac\u0131yla, \u00f6nceden, tek ba\u015f\u0131na haz\u0131rlayarak kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa sundu\u011fu s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleridir. Bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n, s\u00f6zle\u015fme metninde veya ekinde yer almas\u0131, kapsam\u0131, yaz\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u015fekli, nitelendirmede \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz.<\/p>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 ama\u00e7la d\u00fczenlenen s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin metinlerinin \u00f6zde\u015f olmamas\u0131, bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin i\u00e7erdi\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin, genel i\u015flem ko\u015fulu say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemez.<\/p>\n<p>Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye veya ayr\u0131 bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye konulan bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n her birinin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131larak kabul edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin kay\u0131tlar, tek ba\u015f\u0131na, onlar\u0131 genel i\u015flem ko\u015fulu olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karmaz.<\/p>\n<p>Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131yla ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler, sunduklar\u0131 hizmetleri kanun veya yetkili makamlar taraf\u0131ndan verilen izinle y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte olan ki\u015fi ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere de, niteliklerine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n uygulan\u0131r.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><cite>T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu, m. 20<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmden hareketle bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ihtiva etmesi i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki unsurlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerekmektedir<a href=\"#dn5\" id=\"dnr5\">[5]<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-liste\">\n<li>Taraflardan birinin s\u00f6zle\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>\u0130leride \u00e7ok say\u0131daki benzer s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kullanmak amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Haz\u0131rlanan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin di\u011fer tarafa sunulmu\u015f olmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"kavramlar\">\n<h2>Tan\u0131mdaki Kavramlar ve \u00d6\u011fretideki Tart\u0131\u015fmalar<\/h2>\n<h3>\u2018D\u00fczenleyen\u2019 ifadesi<\/h3>\n<p>Hukuk d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bulunan \u00e7o\u011fu tan\u0131m gibi TBK\u2019n\u0131n 20. Maddesinde de anlam karma\u015fas\u0131 mevcuttur. \u2018D\u00fczenleyen\u2019 ibaresinde kanunun lafz\u0131ndan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin genel i\u015flem \u015fart\u0131 i\u00e7erebilmesi i\u00e7in sanki mutlak surette taraflardan birinin haz\u0131rlamas\u0131 gibi bir anlam \u00e7\u0131kabilmesi muhtemeldir. Ancak bu durumu kabul etti\u011fimiz takdirde bu durum genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fikard\u0131r<a href=\"#dn6\" id=\"dnr6\">[6]<\/a>. Bu terim karma\u015fas\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretide \u00e7ok\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u2018D\u00fczenleyen\u2019 yerine \u2018kullanan\u2019 ifadesi tercih edilmi\u015f ve genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131na ve ruhuna daha \u00e7ok oturan bir kullan\u0131m elde edilmi\u015ftir<a href=\"#dn7\" id=\"dnr7\">[7]<\/a>. Bize g\u00f6re de \u2018d\u00fczenleyen\u2019 ifadesi yerine \u2018kullanan\u2019 ya da \u2018sunan\u2019 ifadelerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 kanunun ruhuna daha uygun olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-cipler\" aria-label=\"\u00d6\u011fretide \u00f6nerilen ifadeler\">\n<li>D\u00fczenleyen<\/li>\n<li>Kullanan<\/li>\n<li>Sunan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u2018Tek ba\u015f\u0131na\u2019 ifadesi<\/h3>\n<p>TBK 20. maddesinin 1. F\u0131kras\u0131nda \u2018tek ba\u015f\u0131na\u2019 ifadesi de anlam karma\u015fas\u0131na mahal vermektedir. \u0130fadeden kimseden yard\u0131m almamak kayd\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gibi bir anlam \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamal\u0131, sadece s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak haz\u0131rlanmayarak genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanan taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa sunulmas\u0131 \u015feklinde anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 hususu dikkate de\u011ferdir. Burada can al\u0131c\u0131 nokta s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi kuran taraflar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten de h\u00fcr iradelerinin ortada olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, iki taraf\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin i\u00e7eri\u011fini belirleme hususunda herhangi bir m\u00fcdahale veya katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6nceden a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi mevzuat\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n tespiti yap\u0131l\u0131rken taraflar\u0131n sosyo-ekonomik durumlar\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7-denge parametreleri herhangi bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz. Tespiti halinde tek k\u0131stas, taraflardan birinin s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini belirlerken \u00f6nceden tek tarafl\u0131 olarak belirleyebilip belirleyemedi\u011fidir<a href=\"#dn8\" id=\"dnr8\">[8]<\/a>. Bahsetti\u011fimiz g\u00fc\u00e7-denge parametreleri, sosyal ve ekonomik durumlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizlik genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131 denetiminde hakimin yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yacakt\u0131r<a href=\"#dn9\" id=\"dnr9\">[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00c7ok say\u0131da benzer s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kullanma amac\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130leride \u00e7ok say\u0131da benzer ve ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde yararlan\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131nda, ileride ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda; salt olarak fiilen kullanma, ileride \u00e7ok say\u0131da benzer ve ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde kullanma anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir. Buradaki as\u0131l n\u00fcans ileride benzer ve ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve esas al\u0131nan amaca hizmet etmesi i\u00e7in gerekli i\u00e7eri\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r<a href=\"#dn10\" id=\"dnr10\">[10]<\/a> .<\/p>\n<h3>Matbu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler ve karine<\/h3>\n<p>Her iki taraf\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 oturarak s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde m\u00fczakere edip kabul edilen ko\u015fullar de\u011fildir genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131. Tam tersine d\u00fczenleyen taraf\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kurulmas\u0131ndan evvel tek ba\u015f\u0131na haz\u0131rlayarak kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa sundu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdir<a href=\"#dn11\" id=\"dnr11\">[11]<\/a>. Bu durum uygulamada genellikle matbu tarzda haz\u0131rlanan s\u00f6zle\u015fme ekleri olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bunu d\u00fczenleyen taraf\u0131n \u00e7ok do\u011fald\u0131r ki kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa h\u00fck\u00fcmleri tart\u0131\u015fmaks\u0131z\u0131n, m\u00fczakere etmeksizin kabul ettirilmesi amac\u0131 ihtiva etmektedir<a href=\"#dn12\" id=\"dnr12\">[12]<\/a>. Genellikle makinelerde \u00f6nceden \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131larak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za sunulan genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n matbu olmas\u0131 bir \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131 olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekir. TBK\u2019n\u0131n 20. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n son c\u00fcmlesine g\u00f6re de genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme metninde veya ekinde yer almas\u0131, kapsam\u0131, yaz\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u015fekli, nitelendirmede bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131mayacakt\u0131r. Herhangi bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin matbu bir \u015fekilde \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi sunulan s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131 ihtiva edece\u011fi anlam\u0131na karine te\u015fkil eder. Ancak farkl\u0131 arg\u00fcmanlarla bu durumun aksini ispat etmekte m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Tam tersini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde ise; el yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile haz\u0131rlanan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin her ne kadar bizde bireysel bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme oldu\u011funa dair fikir uyand\u0131rsa da genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u00e7ermeyece\u011fi anlam\u0131na da gelmemektedir<a href=\"#dn13\" id=\"dnr13\">[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"yargisal-denetim\">\n<h2>Yarg\u0131sal Denetimin Kapsam\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131nda yarg\u0131sal denetime ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce \u015funu belirtmekte fayda var:<\/p>\n<div class=\"pm-not\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">Emredici kurallar<\/p>\n<p>Genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131sal denetimi safhas\u0131nda incelenen h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin; sadece kanunun tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 nitelikteki hukuk kurallar\u0131 ile alakal\u0131 olan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine bir denetim ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirip akabinde m\u00fcdahalede bulunulacakt\u0131r. Yoksa kanunun emredici hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n denetimi k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131yla delinemeyecektir<a href=\"#dn14\" id=\"dnr14\">[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"kaynakca\">\n<h2>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h2>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn1\"><a href=\"#dnr1\">[1]<\/a> <em>Alman Genel \u0130\u015flem \u015eartlar\u0131 Kanunu (Gesetz zur Regelung des Rechts der Allgemeinen Geschaeftsbedingungen (AGBG)) 9 Aral\u0131k 1976 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015f, 5 Nisan 1993 29 Haziran 2000 tarihinde iki kez \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fikliklere u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn2\"><a href=\"#dnr2\">[2]<\/a> <em>K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, Ahmet M., Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku, Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 16. Bas\u0131, Ankara, 2012, s.111<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn3\"><a href=\"#dnr3\">[3]<\/a> <em>Reiso\u011flu, Safa, T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku, Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 23. Bas\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2011, s. 73<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn4\"><a href=\"#dnr4\">[4]<\/a> <em>\u0130bid, s.74<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn5\"><a href=\"#dnr5\">[5]<\/a> <em>K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7o\u011flu, a.g.e., s. 114<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn6\"><a href=\"#dnr6\">[6]<\/a> <em>Yeniocak, Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu H\u00fck\u00fcmlerine G\u00f6re Genel \u0130\u015flem Ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n Yarg\u0131sal Denetimi, TBB Dergisi, 2013, s.79<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn7\"><a href=\"#dnr7\">[7]<\/a> <em>Atamer, Ye\u015fim M., S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn S\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Sorunu \u00c7er\u00e7evesinde Genel \u0130\u015flem \u015eartlar\u0131n\u0131n Denetlenmesi, 2001, 2. Bas\u0131, Beta Yay\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 2001, s.6 (Genel \u0130\u015flem \u015eartlar\u0131)<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn8\"><a href=\"#dnr8\">[8]<\/a> <em>Yeniocak, a.g.m., s.79; Eren, Fikret, Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 14. Bask\u0131, Ankara 2012, s. 217<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn9\"><a href=\"#dnr9\">[9]<\/a> <em>Atamer, Ye\u015fim M., Yeni T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu H\u00fck\u00fcmleri Uyar\u0131nca Genel \u0130\u015flem Ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n Denetlenmesi &#8211; TKHK m. 6 ve TTK m. 55, f. 1, (F) \u0130le Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Olarak, T\u00fcrk Hukukunda Genel \u0130\u015flem \u015eartlar\u0131 Sempozyumu, Ankara, 2011, s. 61<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn10\"><a href=\"#dnr10\">[10]<\/a> <em>Yelmen, Adem, T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019na G\u00f6re Genel \u0130\u015flem \u015eartlar\u0131, Yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara 2013, s.55-56<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn11\"><a href=\"#dnr11\">[11]<\/a> <em>Havut\u00e7u, Ay\u015fe, T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu Tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n De\u011ferlendirilmesi Sempozyumu, D\u00fczenleyenler: Legal Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k \u2013 Marmara \u00dcniversitesi, Legal HD, C. 3, S. 34, 2005, s.75<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn12\"><a href=\"#dnr12\">[12]<\/a> <em>Eren, a.g.e., s.219<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn13\"><a href=\"#dnr13\">[13]<\/a> <em>Yeniocak, a.g.m., s.81<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\" id=\"dn14\"><a href=\"#dnr14\">[14]<\/a> <em>Kocayusufpa\u015fao\u011flu, a.g.e., s.227<\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p class=\"pm-dipnot\">\u0130lgili mevzuat: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6098&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6098 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu<\/a> (mevzuat.gov.tr)<\/p>\n<section id=\"sss\" class=\"pm-sss\">\n<h2>Genel \u0130\u015flem \u015eart\u0131: S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n<details open>\n<summary>Genel i\u015flem \u015fart\u0131 nedir?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>TBK m. 20&#8217;ye g\u00f6re genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131, bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131l\u0131rken d\u00fczenleyenin ileride \u00e7ok say\u0131daki benzer s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kullanmak amac\u0131yla \u00f6nceden, tek ba\u015f\u0131na haz\u0131rlayarak kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa sundu\u011fu s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleridir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn genel i\u015flem \u015fart\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hangi unsurlar gerekir?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Taraflardan birinin s\u00f6zle\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, ko\u015fullar\u0131n ileride \u00e7ok say\u0131daki benzer s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kullan\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa sunulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>H\u00fck\u00fcmlerin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131larak kabul edildi\u011fine dair kay\u0131t, genel i\u015flem \u015fart\u0131 niteli\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r m\u0131?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Hay\u0131r. TBK m. 20&#8217;ye g\u00f6re bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n her birinin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131larak kabul edildi\u011fine ili\u015fkin kay\u0131tlar, tek ba\u015f\u0131na onlar\u0131 genel i\u015flem ko\u015fulu olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karmaz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Matbu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler her zaman genel i\u015flem \u015fart\u0131 m\u0131 i\u00e7erir?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Makalede, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin matbu olarak sunulmas\u0131n\u0131n genel i\u015flem \u015fart\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fine karine te\u015fkil etti\u011fi ancak aksinin ispat edilebilece\u011fi; el yaz\u0131s\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin de genel i\u015flem \u015fart\u0131 i\u00e7erebilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Genel i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler izinle faaliyet g\u00f6steren kurulu\u015flara da uygulan\u0131r m\u0131?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Evet. TBK m. 20&#8217;ye g\u00f6re bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler, hizmetlerini kanun veya yetkili makamlar taraf\u0131ndan verilen izinle y\u00fcr\u00fcten ki\u015fi ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere de niteliklerine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131sal denetimi hangi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsar?<\/summary>\n<div>\n<p>Makalede, yarg\u0131sal denetimin kanunun tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 nitelikteki kurallar\u0131yla ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlere y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu, emredici kurallar i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin bu denetim yoluyla a\u015f\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"iletisim\" class=\"pm-form-kap\">\n<div class=\"pm-form-sol\">\n<p class=\"pm-etiket\">G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme talebi<\/p>\n<h2>Genel i\u015flem \u015fartlar\u0131 konusunda bir sorunuz mu var?<\/h2>\n<p>UTU Hukuk Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k olarak ticaret hukuku alan\u0131nda avukatl\u0131k ve dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmeti vermekteyiz.<\/p>\n<p>Formu doldurun, sizi arayal\u0131m. Dilerseniz do\u011frudan da ula\u015fabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"pm-kanal\">\n<li><a href=\"tel:+905365931600\">+90 536 593 16 00<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"mailto:bilgi@utuhukuk.com\">bilgi@utuhukuk.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<form class=\"pm-form\" data-alan=\"Ticaret Hukuku\" novalidate>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-ad\">Ad soyad *<\/label><input id=\"pm-ad\" name=\"ad\" type=\"text\" autocomplete=\"name\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-tel\">Telefon *<\/label><input id=\"pm-tel\" name=\"tel\" type=\"tel\" autocomplete=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" required><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-mail\">E-posta<\/label><input id=\"pm-mail\" name=\"mail\" type=\"email\" autocomplete=\"email\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-alan\"><label for=\"pm-konu\">K\u0131saca durumunuz<\/label><textarea id=\"pm-konu\" name=\"konu\" rows=\"4\" placeholder=\"\u00d6rne\u011fin: Bana imzalat\u0131lan matbu s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin genel i\u015flem \u015fart\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131p say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyorum.\"><\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"pm-bal\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"pm-web\">Web sitesi<\/label><input id=\"pm-web\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n<p><label class=\"pm-onay\"><input name=\"kvkk\" type=\"checkbox\" required> <span>Ki\u015fisel verilerimin bu talep kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenmesine ve benimle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ilmesine onay veriyorum.<\/span><\/label><br \/>\n<button type=\"submit\">Talep g\u00f6nder<\/button><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-durum\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n<\/form>\n<\/section>\n<footer class=\"pm-imza\">\n<div class=\"pm-imza-logo\" aria-hidden=\"true\">UTU<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"pm-imza-ad\">UTU Hukuk ve Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k<\/p>\n<p>2016&#8217;dan bu yana Ankara&#8217;da i\u015f hukuku ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok alanda avukatl\u0131k ve dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmeti vermektedir. <a href=\"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/ticaret-hukuku\/\">Ticaret hukuku \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131m\u0131z \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"pm-uyari\">Bu yaz\u0131 genel bilgilendirme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r, hukuki tavsiye niteli\u011finde de\u011fildir. Somut durumunuz i\u00e7in bir avukata dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>GENEL OLARAK A. 6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019ndan \u00d6nceki D\u00f6nemde S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bir taraf\u00e7a t\u00fcm h\u00fck\u00fcmleri istedi\u011fi gibi ve \u00f6zellikle de kendi yarar\u0131na olacak\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":396,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ticaret-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=156"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":668,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/156\/revisions\/668"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/utuhukuk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}